Slovenia

Parliamentary RepublicPop2.1MGDP (PPP)$103.1BCI72Beta CP0.0→Beta

Some figures reconciled across multiple sources via Civica's methodology (v0.2 BETA). Methodology →

Slovenia

⌘K

Overview

Background: The Slovene lands were part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire until the latter's dissolution at the end of World War I. In 1918, Slovenia became part of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes, which was renamed Yugoslavia in 1929. After World War II, Slovenia joined Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Macedonia, Montenegro, and Serbia as one of the constituent republics in the new Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (SFRY). In 1990, Slovenia held its first multiparty elections, as well as a referendum on independence. Serbia responded with an economic blockade and military action, but after a short 10-day war, Slovenia declared independence in 1991. Slovenia acceded to both NATO and the EU in the spring of 2004; it joined the euro zone and the Schengen Area in 2007.

Geography

Area

Land: 20,151 sq km
Water: 122 sq km
Total: 20,273 sq km

Climate: Mediterranean climate on the coast, continental climate with mild to hot summers and cold winters in the plateaus and valleys to the east
Terrain: a short southwestern coastal strip of Karst topography on the Adriatic; an alpine mountain region lies adjacent to Italy and Austria in the north; mixed mountains and valleys with numerous rivers to the east

Land Use

Other: 10.8% (2023 est.)
Forest: 61.8% (2023 est.)
Agricultural land: 30.4% (2023 est.)
Agricultural land: arable land: arable land: 8.9% (2023 est.)
Agricultural land: permanent crops: permanent crops: 2.7% (2023 est.)
Agricultural land: permanent pasture: permanent pasture: 18.8% (2023 est.)

Location: south Central Europe, Julian Alps between Austria and Croatia
Coastline: 46.6 km

Elevation

Lowest point: Adriatic Sea 0 m
Highest point: Triglav 2,864 m
Mean elevation: 492 m

Irrigated land: 50 sq km (2022)
Map references: Europe

Land Boundaries

Total: 1,211 km
Border countries: Austria 299 km; Croatia 600 km; Hungary 94 km; Italy 218 km

Maritime Claims

Territorial sea: 12 nm

Natural hazards: flooding; earthquakes
Geography note: despite its small size, this eastern Alpine country controls some of Europe's major transit routes
Natural resources: lignite, lead, zinc, building stone, hydropower, forests
Area comparative: slightly smaller than New Jersey
Geographic coordinates: 46 07 N, 14 49 E
Population distribution: a fairly even distribution throughout most of the country, with urban areas attracting larger and denser populations; pockets in the mountainous northwest are less dense

Major Watersheds (Area Sq Km)

Atlantic ocean drainage: (Black Sea) Danube (795,656 sq km)

People & Society

Languages

Languages: Slovene (official) 87.7%, Croatian 2.8%, Serbo-Croatian 1.8%, Bosnian 1.6%, Serbian 1.6%, Hungarian 0.4% (official, only in municipalities where Hungarian nationals reside), Italian 0.2% (official, only in municipalities where Italian nationals reside), other or unspecified 3.9% (2002 est.)
Major language sample(s): Svetovni informativni zvezek - neobhoden vir osnovnih informacij. (Slovene)

The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.

Religions: Catholic 69%, Orthodox 4%, Muslim 3%, Christian 1%, other 3%, atheist 14%, non-believer/agnostic 4%, refused to answer 2% (2019 est.)

Sex Ratio

At birth: 1.04 male(s)/female
0 14 years: 1.05 male(s)/female
15 64 years: 1.09 male(s)/female
Total population: 1 male(s)/female (2024 est.)
65 years and over: 0.78 male(s)/female

Birth rate: 7.52 births/1,000 population (2025 est.)
Death rate: 11.2 deaths/1,000 population (2025 est.)

Median Age

Male: 45 years
Total: 46 years (2025 est.)
Female: 47.9 years

Population

Male: 1,051,044
Total: 2,097,893 (2024 est.)
Female: 1,046,849

Nationality

Noun: Slovene(s)
Adjective: Slovenian

Tobacco Use

Male: 19.3% (2025 est.)
Total: 17.3% (2025 est.)
Female: 15.3% (2025 est.)

Urbanization

Urban population: 56.1% of total population (2023)
Rate of urbanization: 0.54% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Age Structure

0 14 years: 14.3% (male 153,852/female 146,628)
15 64 years: 62.5% (male 683,573/female 627,788)
65 years and over: 23.2% (2024 est.) (male 213,619/female 272,433)

Ethnic groups: Slovene 83.1%, Serb 2%, Croat 1.8%, Bosniak 1.1%, other or unspecified 12% (2002 est.)

Dependency Ratios

Total dependency ratio: 58.5 (2024 est.)
Youth dependency ratio: 22.8 (2024 est.)
Potential support ratio: 2.8 (2024 est.)
Elderly dependency ratio: 35.7 (2024 est.)

Physician density: 3.37 physicians/1,000 population (2022)

Health Expenditure

Health expenditure (as % of GDP): 8.8% of GDP (2022)
Health expenditure (as % of national budget): 15% of national budget (2022 est.)

Net migration rate: 2.09 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2025 est.)
Hospital bed density: 4.2 beds/1,000 population (2020 est.)
Total fertility rate: 1.49 children born/woman (2025 est.)

Drinking Water Source

Improved: total: total: 99.5% of population (2022 est.)
Unimproved: total: total: 0.5% of population (2022 est.)

Education Expenditure

Education expenditure (% GDP): 5.3% of GDP (2022 est.)
Education expenditure (% national budget): 11.1% national budget (2022 est.)

Infant Mortality Rate

Male: 1.6 deaths/1,000 live births
Total: 1.8 deaths/1,000 live births (2025 est.)
Female: 1.4 deaths/1,000 live births

Population growth rate: -0.16% (2025 est.)
Gross reproduction rate: 0.73 (2025 est.)
Population distribution: a fairly even distribution throughout most of the country, with urban areas attracting larger and denser populations; pockets in the mountainous northwest are less dense

Life Expectancy at Birth

Male: 79.4 years
Female: 85.2 years
Total population: 82.2 years (2024 est.)

Maternal mortality ratio: 3 deaths/100,000 live births (2023 est.)

Sanitation Facility Access

Improved: total: total: 99.2% of population (2022 est.)
Unimproved: total: total: 0.8% of population (2022 est.)

Alcohol Consumption Per Capita

Beer: 4.54 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
Wine: 5.26 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
Total: 11.05 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
Spirits: 1.26 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
Other alcohols: 0 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)

Major urban areas population: 286,000 LJUBLJANA (capital) (2018)
Obesity adult prevalence rate: 20.2% (2016)
Mother's mean age at first birth: 29 years (2020 est.)
Currently married women (ages 15 49): 47.2% (2021 est.)

School Life Expectancy (Primary to Tertiary Education)

Male: 17 years (2023 est.)
Total: 17 years (2023 est.)
Female: 18 years (2023 est.)

Government

Civica · structure

How power is organised

ExecutiveLegislative

Flag: description: three equal horizontal bands of white (top), blue, and red; the Slovenian seal (a shield with Triglav, the country's highest peak, in white on a blue background) is at the center, with two wavy blue lines under it; three six-pointed stars in an inverted triangle appear on the upper-left

meaning: the wavy lines represent seas and rivers; the colors come from the medieval coat of arms of the Duchy of Carniola; the stars come from the coat of arms of the Counts of Celje (a Slovene dynastic house)

Capital

Name: Ljubljana
Etymology: by tradition, the name is related to the Slovene word ljubljena, meaning "beloved," but the origin is probably pre-Slavic and remains obscure
Time difference: UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)
Daylight saving time: +1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October
Geographic coordinates: 46 03 N, 14 31 E

Suffrage: 18 years of age; universal

Citizenship

Citizenship BY birth: no
Citizenship BY descent only: at least one parent must be a citizen of Slovenia; both parents if the child is born outside of Slovenia
Dual citizenship recognized: yes, for select cases
Residency requirement for naturalization: 10 years, the last 5 of which have been continuous

Constitution

History: previous 1974 (pre-independence); latest passed by Parliament 23 December 1991
Amendment process: proposed by at least 20 National Assembly members, by the government, or by petition of at least 30,000 voters; passage requires at least two-thirds majority vote by the Assembly; referendum required if agreed upon by at least 30 Assembly members; passage in a referendum requires participation of a majority of eligible voters and a simple majority of votes cast

Country Name

Former: People's Republic of Slovenia, Socialist Republic of Slovenia
Etymology: the country's name means "Land of the Slavs" in Slovene; the origin of the Slav name is unclear, although early forms were used in Medieval Latin (Sclavus) and Byzantine Greek (Sklabos)
Local long form: Republika Slovenija
Local short form: Slovenija
Conventional long form: Republic of Slovenia
Conventional short form: Slovenia

Independence: 25 June 1991 (from Yugoslavia)
Legal system: civil law system
Government type: parliamentary republic

Judicial Branch

Highest court(s): Supreme Court (consists of the court president and 37 judges organized into civil, criminal, commercial, labor and social security, administrative, and registry departments); Constitutional Court (consists of the court president, vice president, and 7 judges)
Subordinate courts: county, district, regional, and high courts; specialized labor-related and social courts; Court of Audit; Administrative Court
Judge selection and term of office: Supreme Court president and vice president appointed by the National Assembly on the proposal of the Minister of Justice, based on the opinions of the Judicial Council, an 11-member independent body elected by the National Assembly from proposals submitted by the president, attorneys, law universities, and sitting judges; other Supreme Court judges elected by the National Assembly from candidates proposed by the Judicial Council; Supreme Court judges serve for life; Constitutional Court judges appointed by the National Assembly from nominations by the president of the republic; Constitutional Court president selected from among its own membership for a 3-year term; other judges elected for single 9-year terms

Executive Branch

Cabinet: Council of Ministers nominated by the prime minister, elected by the National Assembly
Chief of state: President Natasa PIRC MUSAR (since 23 December 2022)
Election results: 2022: Natasa PIRC MUSAR elected president in second round: percent of vote in first round - Anze LOGAR (SDS) 34%, Natasa PIRC MUSAR (independent) 26.9%, Milan BRGLEZ (SD) 15.5%, Vladimir PREBILIC (independent) 10.6%, Sabina SENCAR (Resni.ca) 5.9%, Janez CIGLER KRALJ (NSi) 4.4%, other 2.7%; percent of vote in second round - Natasa PIRC MUSAR 53.9%, Anze LOGAR 46.1%; Robert GOLOB (GS) elected prime minister on 25 May 2022, National Assembly vote - 54-30

2017: Borut PAHOR reelected president in second round; percent of vote in first round - Borut PAHOR (independent) 47.1%, Marjan SAREC (Marjan Sarec List) 25%, Romana TOMC (SDS) 13.7%, Ljudmila NOVAK (NSi) 7.2%, other 7%; percent of vote in second round - Borut PAHOR 52.9%, Marjan SAREC 47.1%
Head of government: Prime Minister Robert GOLOB (since 1 June 2022)
Most recent election date: 23 October 2022, with a runoff on 13 November 2022
Election/appointment process: president directly elected by absolute-majority popular vote in 2 rounds, if needed, for a 5-year term (eligible for a second consecutive term); following National Assembly elections, the president usually nominates the leader of the majority party or majority coalition as prime minister, and the National Assembly elects the nominee
Expected date of next election: 2027

National holiday: Independence Day/Statehood Day, 25 June (1991)
National color(s): white, blue, red

National Heritage

Total world heritage sites: 5 (3 cultural, 2 natural)
Selected world heritage site locales: &Scaron;kocjan Caves (n); Ancient and Primeval Beech Forests of the Carpathians and Other Regions of Europe (n); Prehistoric Pile Dwellings around the Alps (c); Heritage of Mercury: Almadén and Idrija (c); The works of Jože Plečnik in Ljubljana (c)

Political parties: Democratic Party of Pensioners of Slovenia or DeSUS
Freedom Movement or GS (formerly Greens Actions Party or Z.DEJ)
List of Marjan Sarec or LMS
New Slovenia - Christian Democrats or NSi
Party of Alenka Bratusek or SAB (formerly Alliance of Social Liberal Democrats or ZSD and before that Alliance of Alenka Bratusek or ZaAB)
Resni.ca
Slovenian Democratic Party or SDS (formerly the Social Democratic Party of Slovenia or SDSS)
Slovenian National Party or SNS
Social Democrats or SD
The Left or Levica (successor to United Left or ZL)

Legislative Branch

Legislative structure: bicameral

National Anthem(s)

Title: "Zdravljica" (A Toast)
History: adopted in 1989; originally written in 1848; only the seventh verse of the poem is used as the anthem
Lyrics/music: France PRESEREN/Stanko PREMRL

National symbol(s): Mount Triglav
Administrative divisions: 200 municipalities (obcine, singular - obcina) and 12 urban municipalities (mestne obcine, singular - mestna obcina)

municipalities: Ajdovscina, Ankaran, Apace, Beltinci, Benedikt, Bistrica ob Sotli, Bled, Bloke, Bohinj, Borovnica, Bovec, Braslovce, Brda, Brezice, Brezovica, Cankova, Cerklje na Gorenjskem, Cerknica, Cerkno, Cerkvenjak, Cirkulane, Crensovci, Crna na Koroskem, Crnomelj, Destrnik, Divaca, Dobje, Dobrepolje, Dobrna, Dobrova-Polhov Gradec, Dobrovnik/Dobronak, Dolenjske Toplice, Dol pri Ljubljani, Domzale, Dornava, Dravograd, Duplek, Gorenja Vas-Poljane, Gorisnica, Gorje, Gornja Radgona, Gornji Grad, Gornji Petrovci, Grad, Grosuplje, Hajdina, Hoce-Slivnica, Hodos, Horjul, Hrastnik, Hrpelje-Kozina, Idrija, Ig, Ilirska Bistrica, Ivancna Gorica, Izola/Isola, Jesenice, Jezersko, Jursinci, Kamnik, Kanal ob Soci, Kidricevo, Kobarid, Kobilje, Kocevje, Komen, Komenda, Kosanjevica na Krki, Kostel, Kozje, Kranjska Gora, Krizevci, Kungota, Kuzma, Lasko, Lenart, Lendava/Lendva, Litija, Ljubno, Ljutomer, Log-Dragomer, Logatec, Loska Dolina, Loski Potok, Lovrenc na Pohorju, Luce, Lukovica, Majsperk, Makole, Markovci, Medvode, Menges, Metlika, Mezica, Miklavz na Dravskem Polju, Miren-Kostanjevica, Mirna, Mirna Pec, Mislinja, Mokronog-Trebelno, Moravce, Moravske Toplice, Mozirje, Muta, Naklo, Nazarje, Odranci, Oplotnica, Ormoz, Osilnica, Pesnica, Piran/Pirano, Pivka, Podcetrtek, Podlehnik, Podvelka, Poljcane, Polzela, Postojna, Prebold, Preddvor, Prevalje, Puconci, Race-Fram, Radece, Radenci, Radlje ob Dravi, Radovljica, Ravne na Koroskem, Razkrizje, Recica ob Savinji, Rence-Vogrsko, Ribnica, Ribnica na Pohorju, Rogaska Slatina, Rogasovci, Rogatec, Ruse, Salovci, Selnica ob Dravi, Semic, Sempeter-Vrtojba, Sencur, Sentilj, Sentjernej, Sentjur, Sentrupert, Sevnica, Sezana, Skocjan, Skofja Loka, Skofljica, Slovenska Bistrica, Slovenske Konjice, Smarje pri Jelsah, Smarjeske Toplice, Smartno ob Paki, Smartno pri Litiji, Sodrazica, Solcava, Sostanj, Sredisce ob Dravi, Starse, Store, Straza, Sveta Ana, Sveta Trojica v Slovenskih Goricah, Sveti Andraz v Slovenskih Goricah, Sveti Jurij ob Scavnici, Sveti Jurij v Slovenskih Goricah, Sveti Tomaz, Tabor, Tisina, Tolmin, Trbovlje, Trebnje, Trnovska Vas, Trzic, Trzin, Turnisce, Velika Polana, Velike Lasce, Verzej, Videm, Vipava, Vitanje, Vodice, Vojnik, Vransko, Vrhnika, Vuzenica, Zagorje ob Savi, Zalec, Zavrc, Zelezniki, Zetale, Ziri, Zirovnica, Zrece, Zuzemberk

urban municipalities: Celje, Koper, Kranj, Krsko, Ljubljana, Maribor, Murska Sobota, Nova Gorica, Novo Mesto, Ptuj, Slovenj Gradec, Velenje

Legislative Branch Lower Chamber

Chamber name: National Assembly (Drzavni Zbor)
Term in office: 4 years
Number of seats: 90 (all directly elected)
Electoral system: proportional representation
Scope of elections: full renewal
Most recent election date: 4/24/2022
Expected date of next election: April 2026
Percentage of women in chamber: 35.6%
Parties elected and seats per party: Freedom Movement (SVOBODA) (41); Slovenian Democratic Party (SDS) (27); New Slovenia - Christian Democrats (NSi) (8); Social Democrats (SD) (7); Left (LEVICA) (5); Other (2)

Legislative Branch Upper Chamber

Note: note: the National Council is primarily an advisory body with limited legislative powers
Chamber name: National Council (Drzavni Svet)
Term in office: 5 years
Number of seats: 40 (all indirectly elected)
Scope of elections: full renewal
Most recent election date: 11/23/2022 to 11/24/2022
Expected date of next election: November 2027
Percentage of women in chamber: 17.5%

Diplomatic Representation in the US

Fax: [1] (202) 386-6633
Chancery: 2410 California Street NW, Washington, DC 20008
Telephone: [1] (202) 386-6611
Chief of mission: Ambassador Iztok MIRO&Scaron;IČ (since 15 September 2023)
Consulate(s) general: Cleveland (OH)
Email address and website: sloembassy.washington@gov.si

http://www.washington.embassy.si/

Diplomatic Representation from the US

Fax: [386] (1) 200-5555
Embassy: Presernova 31, 1000 Ljubljana
Telephone: [386] (1) 200-5500
Mailing address: 7140 Ljubljana Place, Washington, DC 20521-7140
Chief of mission: Ambassador (vacant); Chargé d’Affaires Brian GREANEY (since August 2025)
Email address and website: LjubljanaACS@state.gov

https://si.usembassy.gov/

International organisations: Australia Group, BIS, CD, CE, CEI, EAPC, EBRD, ECB, EIB, EMU, ESA (cooperating state), EU, FAO, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITU, MIGA, NATO, NEA, NSG, OAS (observer), OECD, OIF (observer), OPCW, OSCE, PCA, Schengen Convention, SELEC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNIFIL, UNOOSA, UNTSO, UNWTO, UPU, Wassenaar Arrangement, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC
International law organization participation: has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; accepts ICCt jurisdiction

Legislature

SLOVENIA · LOWER HOUSE

National Assembly

90 seats · hover a seat for the party

Total seats

Majority line

Largest party

Slovenian Democratic Party

Parties

All political parties19 parties · 90 seats · click to dim in hemicycle

Upper house

SLOVENIA · UPPER HOUSE

National Council

40 seats · hover a seat for the party

Total seats

Majority line

Largest party

Slovenian Democratic Party

Parties

All political parties13 parties · 40 seats · click to dim in hemicycle

Leaders

Current

NM
Nataša Pirc Musar
- Head of StateSince 2022
RG
Robert Golob
- Head of GovernmentSince 2022

Economy

Budget

Note: note: central government revenues (excluding grants) and expenditures converted to US dollars at average official exchange rate for year indicated
Revenues: $28.874 billion (2023 est.)
Expenditures: $30.714 billion (2023 est.)

Exports

Civica canonical (reconciled): $59.0B

Note: note: balance of payments - exports of goods and services in current dollars
Exports 2022: $56.51 billion (2022 est.)
Exports 2023: $57.66 billion (2023 est.)
Exports 2024: $59.159 billion (2024 est.)

Imports

Civica canonical (reconciled): $54.5B

Note: note: balance of payments - imports of goods and services in current dollars
Imports 2022: $55.158 billion (2022 est.)
Imports 2023: $53.309 billion (2023 est.)
Imports 2024: $54.583 billion (2024 est.)

Industries: ferrous metallurgy and aluminum products, lead and zinc smelting; electronics (including military electronics), trucks, automobiles, electric power equipment, wood products, textiles, chemicals, machine tools
Labor force: 1.058 million (2024 est.)

Public Debt

Civica canonical (reconciled): 65.7%

Note: note: defined by the EU's Maastricht Treaty as consolidated general government gross debt at nominal value, outstanding at the end of the year in the following categories of government liabilities: currency and deposits, securities other than shares excluding financial derivatives, and loans; general government sector comprises the central, state, local government, and social security funds
Public debt 2017: 73.6% of GDP (2017 est.)

Remittances

Note: note: personal transfers and compensation between resident and non-resident individuals/households/entities
Remittances 2022: 1.3% of GDP (2022 est.)
Remittances 2023: 1.3% of GDP (2023 est.)
Remittances 2024: 1.2% of GDP (2024 est.)

Exchange Rates

Currency: euros (EUR) per US dollar -
Exchange rates 2020: 0.876 (2020 est.)
Exchange rates 2021: 0.845 (2021 est.)
Exchange rates 2022: 0.95 (2022 est.)
Exchange rates 2023: 0.925 (2023 est.)
Exchange rates 2024: 0.924 (2024 est.)

Economic overview: high-income EU and eurozone economy; high per-capita income and low inequality; key exports in automotive and pharmaceuticals; tight labor market with low unemployment; growth supported by private consumption and public investment, with risks from tight labor market and trade conditions; narrowing fiscal deficit and declining public debt

Unemployment Rate

Civica canonical (reconciled): 3.2%

Note: note: % of labor force seeking employment
Unemployment rate 2022: 4.1% (2022 est.)
Unemployment rate 2023: 3.7% (2023 est.)
Unemployment rate 2024: 3.4% (2024 est.)

Exports partners: Switzerland 22%, Germany 12%, Italy 10%, Croatia 8%, Austria 6% (2023)
Imports partners: Switzerland 17%, China 15%, Germany 11%, Italy 9%, Austria 6% (2023)

Real GDP Per Capita

Civica canonical (reconciled): $57,186

Note: note: data in 2021 dollars
Real GDP per capita 2022: $47,100 (2022 est.)
Real GDP per capita 2023: $47,900 (2023 est.)
Real GDP per capita 2024: $48,500 (2024 est.)

Real GDP Growth Rate

Civica canonical (reconciled): 1.1%

Note: note: annual GDP % growth based on constant local currency
Real GDP growth rate 2022: 2.7% (2022 est.)
Real GDP growth rate 2023: 2.1% (2023 est.)
Real GDP growth rate 2024: 1.6% (2024 est.)

Agricultural products: milk, maize, wheat, barley, grapes, chicken, potatoes, beef, apples, pork (2023)
Exports commodities: packaged medicine, cars, refined petroleum, vehicle parts/accessories, plastic products (2023)
Imports commodities: nitrogen compounds, packaged medicine, refined petroleum, cars, vaccines (2023)

Current Account Balance

Civica canonical (reconciled): $3.3B

Note: note: balance of payments - net trade and primary/secondary income in current dollars
Current account balance 2022: -$617.374 million (2022 est.)
Current account balance 2023: $3.093 billion (2023 est.)
Current account balance 2024: $3.231 billion (2024 est.)

Taxes and other revenues: 20.3% (of GDP) (2023 est.)
GDP (official exchange rate): $72.485 billion (2024 est.)

GDP Composition, BY End Use

Note: note: figures may not total 100% due to rounding or gaps in data collection
Household consumption: 52.3% (2023 est.)
Government consumption: 19.2% (2023 est.)
Investment in inventories: 0.9% (2023 est.)
Investment in fixed capital: 21.3% (2023 est.)
Exports of goods and services: 83.3% (2023 est.)
Imports of goods and services: -76.8% (2023 est.)

Population below poverty line: 12.7% (2022 est.)

Average Household Expenditures

On food: 13.9% of household expenditures (2023 est.)
On alcohol and tobacco: 4.5% of household expenditures (2023 est.)

Inflation Rate (Consumer Prices)

Civica canonical (reconciled): 2.5%

Note: note: annual % change based on consumer prices
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2022: 8.8% (2022 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2023: 7.4% (2023 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2024: 2% (2024 est.)

Industrial production growth rate: 1.8% (2024 est.)

Real GDP (Purchasing Power Parity)

Civica canonical (reconciled): $103.118 billion (2024 est.)

Note: note: data in 2021 dollars
Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2022: $99.403 billion (2022 est.)
Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2023: $101.503 billion (2023 est.)
Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2024: $103.118 billion (2024 est.)

Youth Unemployment Rate (Ages 15 24)

Male: 10.6% (2024 est.)
Note: note: % of labor force ages 15-24 seeking employment
Total: 9.4% (2024 est.)
Female: 7.9% (2024 est.)

Reserves of Foreign Exchange and Gold

Note: note: holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2022: $2.268 billion (2022 est.)
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2023: $2.37 billion (2023 est.)
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2024: $2.832 billion (2024 est.)

GDP Composition, BY Sector of Origin

Note: note: figures may not total 100% due to non-allocated consumption not captured in sector-reported data
Industry: 28.8% (2024 est.)
Services: 58.2% (2024 est.)
Agriculture: 1.5% (2024 est.)

Note: note: % share of income accruing to lowest and highest 10% of population
Lowest 10%: 4.2% (2022 est.)
Highest 10%: 20.7% (2022 est.)

Gini Index Coefficient Distribution of Family Income

Note: note: index (0-100) of income distribution; higher values represent greater inequality
Gini index coefficient distribution of family income 2022: 24.3 (2022 est.)

Energy

Coal

Exports: 2,000 metric tons (2023 est.)
Imports: 866,000 metric tons (2023 est.)
Production: 2.44 million metric tons (2023 est.)
Consumption: 2.309 million metric tons (2023 est.)
Proven reserves: 95 million metric tons (2023 est.)

Petroleum

Total petroleum production: 4 bbl/day (2021 est.)
Refined petroleum consumption: 44,000 bbl/day (2024 est.)

Electricity

Exports: 10.62 billion kWh (2023 est.)
Imports: 9.114 billion kWh (2023 est.)
Consumption: 12.953 billion kWh (2023 est.)
Installed generating capacity: 4.739 million kW (2023 est.)
Transmission/distribution losses: 774.138 million kWh (2023 est.)

Natural Gas

Exports: 11.387 million cubic meters (2018 est.)
Imports: 810.948 million cubic meters (2023 est.)
Production: 4.014 million cubic meters (2023 est.)
Consumption: 811.395 million cubic meters (2023 est.)

Nuclear Energy

Number of operational nuclear reactors: 1 (2025)
Percent of total electricity production: 36.8% (2023 est.)
Net capacity of operational nuclear reactors: 0.7GW (2025 est.)

Electricity Access

Electrification total population: 100% (2022 est.)

Energy Consumption Per Capita

Total energy consumption per capita 2023: 104.502 million Btu/person (2023 est.)

Electricity Generation Sources

Solar: 6.7% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)
Nuclear: 35.2% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)
Fossil fuels: 24.6% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)
Hydroelectricity: 31.5% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)
Biomass and waste: 2% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)

Communications

Internet Users

Percent of population: 90% (2023 est.)

Broadcast media: public TV broadcaster, Radiotelevizija Slovenija (RTV), operates a system of national and regional TV stations; 35 commercial TV stations; about 60% of households connected to multi-channel cable TV; public radio broadcaster with 3 national and 4 regional stations; more than 75 regional and local commercial and non-commercial radio stations
Internet country code: .si

Telephones Fixed Lines

Total subscriptions: 647,000 (2023 est.)
Subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 30 (2023 est.)

Telephones Mobile Cellular

Total subscriptions: 2.73 million (2023 est.)
Subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 126 (2022 est.)

Broadband Fixed Subscriptions

Total: 683,000 (2023 est.)
Subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 32 (2023 est.)

Transport

Ports

Large: 0
Small: 1
Medium: 0
Key ports: Koper, Piran
Very small: 1
Total ports: 2 (2024)
Ports with oil terminals: 0

Airports: 42 (2025)

Railways

Total: 1,207 km (2020) 609 km electrified

Heliports: 4 (2025)

Merchant Marine

Total: 8 (2023)
BY type: other 8

Civil aircraft registration country code prefix: S5

Environment

Climate: Mediterranean climate on the coast, continental climate with mild to hot summers and cold winters in the plateaus and valleys to the east

Geoparks

Global geoparks and regional networks: Idrija; Karawanken / Karavanke (includes Austria) (2023)
Total global geoparks and regional networks: 2

Land Use

Other: 10.8% (2023 est.)
Forest: 61.8% (2023 est.)
Agricultural land: 30.4% (2023 est.)
Agricultural land: arable land: arable land: 8.9% (2023 est.)
Agricultural land: permanent crops: permanent crops: 2.7% (2023 est.)
Agricultural land: permanent pasture: permanent pasture: 18.8% (2023 est.)

Urbanization

Urban population: 56.1% of total population (2023)
Rate of urbanization: 0.54% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Methane Emissions

Other: 1.9 kt (2019-2021 est.)
Waste: 15.6 kt (2019-2021 est.)
Energy: 8.5 kt (2022-2024 est.)
Agriculture: 46.5 kt (2019-2021 est.)

Waste and Recycling

Municipal solid waste generated annually: 1.052 million tons (2024 est.)
Percent of municipal solid waste recycled: 24.8% (2022 est.)

Environmental issues: air pollution from road traffic, domestic heating (wood burning), power generation, and industry; water pollution; biodiversity protection

Total Water Withdrawal

Municipal: 179 million cubic meters (2022)
Industrial: 645 million cubic meters (2022)
Agricultural: 3.4 million cubic meters (2022)

Carbon Dioxide Emissions

Total emissions: 10.772 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
From consumed natural gas: 1.545 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
From coal and metallurgical coke: 2.706 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
From petroleum and other liquids: 6.521 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)

Particulate matter emissions: 14.1 micrograms per cubic meter (2019 est.)
Total renewable water resources: 31.87 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)

International Environmental Agreements

Party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Heavy Metals, Air Pollution-Multi-effect Protocol, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution-Sulphur 94, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping-London Convention, Marine Dumping-London Protocol, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 2006, Wetlands, Whaling
Signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

Military & Security

Military note: the Slovenian Armed Forces (Slovenska Vojska or SV) are responsible for the defense of the country’s sovereignty and territory, deterring external threats, and contributing to European security and other international peacekeeping missions; the SV is also active in civil-military cooperation, such as the maintenance of local infrastructure; Slovenia has been a member of the EU and NATO since 2004, and one of the SV’s key missions is fulfilling the country’s commitments to NATO, including equipment modernization, participating in training exercises, and contributing to NATO operations; the SV provides troops to NATO’s efforts to enhance its presence in the Baltics (Latvia) and Eastern Europe (Slovakia); it has also participated in other international security missions with small numbers of personnel in such places as Africa, southern Europe, the Mediterranean Sea, and the Middle East; NATO allies Hungary and Italy provide air policing for Slovenia

the SV was formally established in 1993 as a reorganization of the Slovenia Defense Force; the Defense Force, along with the Slovenian police, comprised the majority of the forces that engaged with the Yugoslav People’s Army during the 10-Day War after Slovenia declared its independence in 1991 (2025)
Military deployments: 110 Kosovo (NATO); up to 200 Slovakia (NATO) (2025)

Military Expenditures

Civica canonical (reconciled): 2% of GDP (2025 est.)

Military expenditures 2021: 1.2% of GDP (2021 est.)
Military expenditures 2022: 1.3% of GDP (2022 est.)
Military expenditures 2023: 1.3% of GDP (2023 est.)
Military expenditures 2024: 1.4% of GDP (2024 est.)
Military expenditures 2025: 2% of GDP (2025 est.)

Military and security forces: Slovenian Armed Forces (Slovenska Vojska, SV): structured as a combined force with air, land, maritime, and special operations components

Ministry of Interior: National Police (2025)
Military service age and obligation: 18-30 years of age for voluntary military service for men and women; recruits sign up for 3-, 5-, or 10-year service contracts; no conscription (2026)
Military equipment inventories and acquisitions: the military's inventory is a mix of Soviet/Cold War-era and smaller quantities of more modern, mostly Western equipment; Slovenia is in the midst of a modernization program to replace its Soviet-era equipment with NATO-standard European and US systems (2025)
Military and security service personnel strengths: approximately 6,000 active military personnel (2025)

Transnational Issues

Refugees and Internally Displaced Persons

Idps: 10 (2023 est.)
Refugees: 13,369 (2024 est.)
Stateless persons: 10 (2024 est.)

Scores & Rankings

ScoreValueGlobal rankTrendAs of

Civica Index72.0 / 100as of 2024-Q440 / 1902024-Q4

V-Dem Liberal Democracy0.62as of 2024-Q443 / 1702024-Q4

Freedom House StatusFree (100/100)as of 2024-Q4—2024-Q4

Press Freedom (RSF)Partly free (50/100)as of 2024—2024

Cite this page

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Civica. (2026). Civica Atlas — Slovenia — vintage 2026-Q1: Slovenia factbook. Civica Atlas. Retrieved May 7, 2026, from https://civicaatlas.org/factbook/slovenia

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Sources: Eurostat, FAO FAOSTAT, ILO ILOSTAT, IMF (WEO), OECD.Stat, UN Statistics Division, UNDP HDR, UNESCO Institute for Statistics, V-Dem, WHO Global Health Observatory, World Bank, WTO Stats, CIA World Factbook, Wikidata

Slovenia

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