Per-country migration table

From the retired structural_family heuristic to the replacement peer-lens fields, country by country.

253 sovereign states·Vintage: Civica Atlas 2026Q3·Sunset 2027-03-31

For replication-script maintainers. The legacy structural_family column on government_taxonomies and the corresponding API fields remain available through 2027-03-31. After that date the column is dropped and the API fields return only the peer-lens replacements. Update country-metadata joins now; the JSON form of this table at /api/v1/peer-groupings/migration is the recommended bulk-rewrite source.

How to read

Each row is one sovereign state. The first two columns show the retired heuristic values. The remaining columns show the per-domain peer-lens replacements: World Bank region+income for material indicators, V-Dem Regimes of the World for governance indicators, BR/CGV regime as the alternate governance lens, and constitutional-form metadata (monarchy_status and government_form_description).

Empty cells (—) mean the underlying source has no classification for that jurisdiction. See the methodology page for the per-jurisdiction fallback table covering Taiwan, Kosovo, Palestine, Western Sahara, and Vatican City.

The table

Country	structuralFamily (deprecated)	structuralSubtype (deprecated)	worldBankRegion	worldBankIncomeGroup	vdemRow	cgvRegime	monarchyStatus	governmentFormDescription
Afghanistan	`theocracy`	`theocratic_republic`	Middle East, North Africa, Afghanistan & Pakistan	Low income	Closed Autocracy	`civilian_dictatorship`	`none`	theocratic; the United States does not recognize the Taliban Government
Akrotiri	`other`	`other`	—	—	—	`—`	`none`	—
Albania	`parliamentary_democracy`	`parliamentary_republic`	Europe & Central Asia	Upper middle income	Electoral Democracy	`parliamentary_democracy`	`none`	parliamentary republic
Algeria	`presidential_republic`	`presidential_republic`	Middle East, North Africa, Afghanistan & Pakistan	Upper middle income	Electoral Autocracy	`civilian_dictatorship`	`none`	presidential republic
American Samoa	`other`	`presidential_republic`	—	—	—	`—`	`none`	unincorporated, unorganized Territory of the US with local self-government; republican form of territorial government with separate executive, legislative, and judicial branches
Andorra	`constitutional_monarchy`	`co_principality`	Europe & Central Asia	High income	—	`—`	`none`	parliamentary democracy (since March 1993) that retains its chiefs of state in the form of a co-principality; the two princes are the President of France and Bishop of Seu d'Urgell, Spain
Angola	`presidential_republic`	`presidential_republic`	Sub-Saharan Africa	Lower middle income	Electoral Autocracy	`civilian_dictatorship`	`none`	presidential republic
Anguilla	`parliamentary_democracy`	`parliamentary_republic`	—	—	—	`—`	`none`	parliamentary democracy (House of Assembly); self-governing overseas territory of the UK
Antarctica	`other`	`condominium_under_the_antarctic_treaty`	—	—	—	`—`	`none`	Condominium under the Antarctic Treaty
Antigua and Barbuda	`constitutional_monarchy`	`parliamentary_constitutional_monarchy`	Latin America & Caribbean	High income	—	`parliamentary_democracy`	`ceremonial`	parliamentary democracy under a constitutional monarchy; a Commonwealth realm
Argentina	`presidential_republic`	`presidential_republic`	Latin America & Caribbean	Upper middle income	Electoral Democracy	`presidential_democracy`	`none`	presidential republic
Armenia	`parliamentary_democracy`	`parliamentary_republic`	Europe & Central Asia	Upper middle income	Electoral Democracy	`presidential_democracy`	`none`	parliamentary democracy; note - constitutional changes adopted in December 2015 transformed the government to a parliamentary system
Aruba	`constitutional_monarchy`	`parliamentary_constitutional_monarchy`	—	—	—	`—`	`none`	parliamentary democracy; part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands
Ashmore and Cartier Islands	`other`	`other`	—	—	—	`—`	`none`	—
Australia	`constitutional_monarchy`	`parliamentary_constitutional_monarchy`	East Asia & Pacific	High income	Liberal Democracy	`parliamentary_democracy`	`ceremonial`	federal parliamentary democracy under a constitutional monarchy; a Commonwealth realm
Austria	`parliamentary_democracy`	`federal_parliamentary_republic`	Europe & Central Asia	High income	Electoral Democracy	`parliamentary_democracy`	`none`	federal parliamentary republic
Azerbaijan	`presidential_republic`	`presidential_republic`	Europe & Central Asia	Upper middle income	Electoral Autocracy	`civilian_dictatorship`	`none`	presidential republic
Bahrain	`constitutional_monarchy`	`constitutional_monarchy`	Middle East, North Africa, Afghanistan & Pakistan	High income	Closed Autocracy	`royal_dictatorship`	`constitutional`	constitutional monarchy
Baker Island, Howland Island, Jarvis Island, Johnston Atoll, Kingman Reef, Midway Islands, Palmyra Atoll	`other`	`other`	—	—	—	`—`	`none`	—
Bangladesh	`parliamentary_democracy`	`parliamentary_republic`	South Asia	Lower middle income	Electoral Autocracy	`civilian_dictatorship`	`none`	parliamentary republic
Barbados	`constitutional_monarchy`	`parliamentary_constitutional_monarchy`	Latin America & Caribbean	High income	Liberal Democracy	`presidential_democracy`	`none`	parliamentary republic; a Commonwealth realm
Belarus	`presidential_republic`	`presidential_republic`	Europe & Central Asia	Upper middle income	Electoral Autocracy	`civilian_dictatorship`	`none`	presidential republic in name, although in fact a dictatorship
Belgium	`constitutional_monarchy`	`parliamentary_constitutional_monarchy`	Europe & Central Asia	High income	Liberal Democracy	`parliamentary_democracy`	`ceremonial`	federal parliamentary democracy under a constitutional monarchy
Belize	`constitutional_monarchy`	`parliamentary_constitutional_monarchy`	Latin America & Caribbean	Upper middle income	—	`parliamentary_democracy`	`ceremonial`	parliamentary democracy (National Assembly) under a constitutional monarchy; a Commonwealth realm
Benin	`presidential_republic`	`presidential_republic`	Sub-Saharan Africa	Lower middle income	Electoral Autocracy	`civilian_dictatorship`	`none`	presidential republic
Bermuda	`parliamentary_democracy`	`parliamentary_republic`	—	—	—	`—`	`none`	Overseas Territory of the UK with limited self-government; parliamentary democracy
Bhutan	`constitutional_monarchy`	`constitutional_monarchy`	South Asia	Lower middle income	Liberal Democracy	`parliamentary_democracy`	`constitutional`	constitutional monarchy
Bolivia	`presidential_republic`	`presidential_republic`	Latin America & Caribbean	Lower middle income	Electoral Democracy	`presidential_democracy`	`none`	presidential republic
Bosnia and Herzegovina	`parliamentary_democracy`	`parliamentary_republic`	Europe & Central Asia	Upper middle income	Electoral Democracy	`civilian_dictatorship`	`none`	parliamentary republic
Botswana	`parliamentary_democracy`	`parliamentary_republic`	Sub-Saharan Africa	Upper middle income	Electoral Democracy	`presidential_democracy`	`none`	parliamentary republic
Bouvet Island	`other`	`other`	—	—	—	`—`	`none`	—
Brazil	`presidential_republic`	`federal_presidential_republic`	Latin America & Caribbean	Upper middle income	Electoral Democracy	`presidential_democracy`	`none`	federal presidential republic
British Virgin Islands	`parliamentary_democracy`	`parliamentary_republic`	—	—	—	`—`	`none`	Overseas Territory of the UK with limited self-government; parliamentary democracy
Brunei	`absolute_monarchy`	`absolute_monarchy`	East Asia & Pacific	High income	—	`royal_dictatorship`	`absolute`	absolute monarchy or sultanate
Bulgaria	`parliamentary_democracy`	`parliamentary_republic`	Europe & Central Asia	High income	Electoral Democracy	`parliamentary_democracy`	`none`	parliamentary republic
Burkina Faso	`presidential_republic`	`presidential_republic`	Sub-Saharan Africa	Low income	Electoral Autocracy	`civilian_dictatorship`	`none`	presidential republic
Burma	`military_rule`	`military_junta`	East Asia & Pacific	Lower middle income	Closed Autocracy	`military_dictatorship`	`none`	military regime
Burundi	`presidential_republic`	`presidential_republic`	Sub-Saharan Africa	Low income	Electoral Autocracy	`civilian_dictatorship`	`none`	presidential republic
Cabo Verde	`parliamentary_democracy`	`parliamentary_republic`	Sub-Saharan Africa	Upper middle income	Electoral Democracy	`parliamentary_democracy`	`none`	parliamentary republic
Cambodia	`constitutional_monarchy`	`parliamentary_constitutional_monarchy`	East Asia & Pacific	Lower middle income	Electoral Autocracy	`royal_dictatorship`	`ceremonial`	parliamentary constitutional monarchy
Cameroon	`presidential_republic`	`presidential_republic`	Sub-Saharan Africa	Lower middle income	Electoral Autocracy	`civilian_dictatorship`	`none`	presidential republic
Canada	`constitutional_monarchy`	`parliamentary_constitutional_monarchy`	North America	High income	Electoral Democracy	`parliamentary_democracy`	`ceremonial`	federal parliamentary democracy (Parliament of Canada) under a constitutional monarchy; a Commonwealth realm; federal and state authorities and responsibilities regulated in constitution
Cayman Islands	`parliamentary_democracy`	`parliamentary_republic`	—	—	—	`—`	`none`	parliamentary democracy; self-governing overseas territory of the UK
Central African Republic	`—`	`—`	Sub-Saharan Africa	Low income	Electoral Autocracy	`—`	`none`	—
Chad	`presidential_republic`	`presidential_republic`	Sub-Saharan Africa	Low income	Closed Autocracy	`civilian_dictatorship`	`none`	presidential republic
Chile	`presidential_republic`	`presidential_republic`	Latin America & Caribbean	High income	Liberal Democracy	`presidential_democracy`	`none`	presidential republic
China	`one_party_state`	`communist_party_state`	East Asia & Pacific	Upper middle income	Closed Autocracy	`civilian_dictatorship`	`none`	communist party-led state
Christmas Island	`other`	`non_self_governing_overseas_territory_of_australia`	—	—	—	`—`	`none`	non-self-governing overseas territory of Australia
Clipperton Island	`other`	`other`	—	—	—	`—`	`none`	—
Cocos (Keeling) Islands	`other`	`non_self_governing_overseas_territory_of_australia`	—	—	—	`—`	`none`	non-self-governing overseas territory of Australia
Colombia	`presidential_republic`	`presidential_republic`	Latin America & Caribbean	Upper middle income	Electoral Democracy	`presidential_democracy`	`none`	presidential republic
Comoros	`presidential_republic`	`federal_presidential_republic`	Sub-Saharan Africa	Lower middle income	Electoral Autocracy	`civilian_dictatorship`	`none`	federal presidential republic
Congo (Brazzaville)	`presidential_republic`	`presidential_republic`	Sub-Saharan Africa	Lower middle income	Electoral Autocracy	`civilian_dictatorship`	`none`	presidential republic
Cook Islands	`parliamentary_democracy`	`parliamentary_republic`	—	—	—	`—`	`none`	parliamentary democracy
Coral Sea Islands	`other`	`other`	—	—	—	`—`	`none`	—
Costa Rica	`presidential_republic`	`presidential_republic`	Latin America & Caribbean	High income	Liberal Democracy	`presidential_democracy`	`none`	presidential republic
Croatia	`parliamentary_democracy`	`parliamentary_republic`	Europe & Central Asia	High income	Electoral Democracy	`parliamentary_democracy`	`none`	parliamentary republic
Cuba	`one_party_state`	`communist_party_state`	Latin America & Caribbean	Upper middle income	Closed Autocracy	`civilian_dictatorship`	`none`	communist state
Curacao	`parliamentary_democracy`	`parliamentary_republic`	—	—	—	`—`	`none`	parliamentary democracy
Cyprus	`parliamentary_democracy`	`parliamentary_republic`	Europe & Central Asia	High income	Liberal Democracy	`presidential_democracy`	`none`	Republic of Cyprus - presidential republic; self-declared "Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus" (TRNC) - parliamentary republic with enhanced presidency
Czechia	`parliamentary_democracy`	`parliamentary_republic`	Europe & Central Asia	High income	Liberal Democracy	`parliamentary_democracy`	`none`	parliamentary republic
Côte d'Ivoire	`presidential_republic`	`presidential_republic`	Sub-Saharan Africa	Lower middle income	Electoral Autocracy	`civilian_dictatorship`	`none`	presidential republic
DRC	`semi_presidential`	`semi_presidential_republic`	Sub-Saharan Africa	Low income	Electoral Autocracy	`civilian_dictatorship`	`none`	semi-presidential republic
Denmark	`constitutional_monarchy`	`parliamentary_constitutional_monarchy`	Europe & Central Asia	High income	Liberal Democracy	`parliamentary_democracy`	`ceremonial`	parliamentary constitutional monarchy
Dhekelia	`other`	`other`	—	—	—	`—`	`none`	—
Djibouti	`presidential_republic`	`presidential_republic`	Middle East, North Africa, Afghanistan & Pakistan	Lower middle income	Electoral Autocracy	`civilian_dictatorship`	`none`	presidential republic
Dominica	`parliamentary_democracy`	`parliamentary_republic`	Latin America & Caribbean	Upper middle income	—	`parliamentary_democracy`	`none`	parliamentary republic
Ecuador	`presidential_republic`	`presidential_republic`	Latin America & Caribbean	Upper middle income	Electoral Democracy	`presidential_democracy`	`none`	presidential republic
Egypt	`presidential_republic`	`presidential_republic`	Middle East, North Africa, Afghanistan & Pakistan	Lower middle income	Electoral Autocracy	`civilian_dictatorship`	`none`	presidential republic
El Salvador	`presidential_republic`	`presidential_republic`	Latin America & Caribbean	Upper middle income	Electoral Autocracy	`presidential_democracy`	`none`	presidential republic
Equatorial Guinea	`presidential_republic`	`presidential_republic`	Sub-Saharan Africa	Upper middle income	Electoral Autocracy	`civilian_dictatorship`	`none`	presidential republic
Eritrea	`other`	`authoritarian`	Sub-Saharan Africa	Low income	Closed Autocracy	`civilian_dictatorship`	`none`	authoritarian
Estonia	`parliamentary_democracy`	`parliamentary_republic`	Europe & Central Asia	High income	Liberal Democracy	`parliamentary_democracy`	`none`	parliamentary republic
Eswatini	`absolute_monarchy`	`absolute_monarchy`	Sub-Saharan Africa	Lower middle income	Closed Autocracy	`royal_dictatorship`	`absolute`	absolute monarchy
Ethiopia	`parliamentary_democracy`	`federal_parliamentary_republic`	Sub-Saharan Africa	—	Electoral Autocracy	`civilian_dictatorship`	`none`	federal parliamentary republic
Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas)	`parliamentary_democracy`	`parliamentary_republic`	—	—	—	`—`	`none`	parliamentary democracy (Legislative Assembly); self-governing overseas territory of the UK
Faroe Islands	`constitutional_monarchy`	`parliamentary_constitutional_monarchy`	—	—	—	`—`	`none`	parliamentary democracy (Faroese Parliament); part of the Kingdom of Denmark
Fiji	`parliamentary_democracy`	`parliamentary_republic`	East Asia & Pacific	Upper middle income	Electoral Autocracy	`civilian_dictatorship`	`none`	parliamentary republic
Finland	`parliamentary_democracy`	`parliamentary_republic`	Europe & Central Asia	High income	Liberal Democracy	`presidential_democracy`	`none`	parliamentary republic
France	`semi_presidential`	`semi_presidential_republic`	Europe & Central Asia	High income	Liberal Democracy	`semi_presidential_democracy`	`none`	semi-presidential republic
French Polynesia	`parliamentary_democracy`	`parliamentary_republic`	—	—	—	`—`	`none`	parliamentary democracy (Assembly of French Polynesia); an overseas collectivity of France
French Southern and Antarctic Lands	`other`	`other`	—	—	—	`—`	`none`	—
Gabon	`presidential_republic`	`presidential_republic`	Sub-Saharan Africa	Upper middle income	Electoral Autocracy	`civilian_dictatorship`	`none`	presidential republic
Gaza, Gaza Strip	`other`	`other`	—	—	—	`—`	`none`	—
Georgia	`semi_presidential`	`semi_presidential_republic`	Europe & Central Asia	Upper middle income	Electoral Democracy	`civilian_dictatorship`	`none`	semi-presidential republic
Germany	`parliamentary_democracy`	`federal_parliamentary_republic`	Europe & Central Asia	High income	Liberal Democracy	`parliamentary_democracy`	`none`	federal parliamentary republic
Ghana	`presidential_republic`	`presidential_republic`	Sub-Saharan Africa	Lower middle income	Electoral Democracy	`presidential_democracy`	`none`	presidential republic
Gibraltar	`parliamentary_democracy`	`parliamentary_republic`	—	—	—	`—`	`none`	parliamentary democracy (Parliament); self-governing overseas territory of the UK
Greece	`parliamentary_democracy`	`parliamentary_republic`	Europe & Central Asia	High income	Electoral Democracy	`parliamentary_democracy`	`none`	parliamentary republic
Greenland	`parliamentary_democracy`	`parliamentary_republic`	—	—	—	`—`	`none`	parliamentary democracy (Parliament of Greenland or Inatsisartut)
Grenada	`constitutional_monarchy`	`parliamentary_constitutional_monarchy`	Latin America & Caribbean	Upper middle income	—	`parliamentary_democracy`	`ceremonial`	parliamentary democracy under a constitutional monarchy; a Commonwealth realm
Guam	`other`	`presidential_republic`	—	—	—	`—`	`none`	unincorporated organized territory of the US with local self-government; republican form of territorial government with separate executive, legislative, and judicial branches
Guatemala	`presidential_republic`	`presidential_republic`	Latin America & Caribbean	Upper middle income	Electoral Democracy	`presidential_democracy`	`none`	presidential republic
Guernsey	`parliamentary_democracy`	`parliamentary_republic`	—	—	—	`—`	`none`	parliamentary democracy (States of Deliberation)
Guinea	`presidential_republic`	`presidential_republic`	Sub-Saharan Africa	Lower middle income	Closed Autocracy	`civilian_dictatorship`	`none`	presidential republic
Guinea-Bissau	`semi_presidential`	`semi_presidential_republic`	Sub-Saharan Africa	Low income	Electoral Autocracy	`semi_presidential_democracy`	`none`	semi-presidential republic
Guyana	`parliamentary_democracy`	`parliamentary_republic`	Latin America & Caribbean	High income	Electoral Autocracy	`presidential_democracy`	`none`	parliamentary republic
Haiti	`semi_presidential`	`semi_presidential_republic`	Latin America & Caribbean	Lower middle income	Closed Autocracy	`civilian_dictatorship`	`none`	semi-presidential republic
Heard Island and McDonald Islands	`other`	`other`	—	—	—	`—`	`none`	—
Holy See (Vatican City)	`theocracy`	`elective_theocratic_monarchy`	—	—	—	`—`	`elective`	ecclesiastical elective monarchy; self-described as an "absolute monarchy"
Honduras	`presidential_republic`	`presidential_republic`	Latin America & Caribbean	Lower middle income	Electoral Democracy	`presidential_democracy`	`none`	presidential republic
Hong Kong	`presidential_republic`	`presidential_republic`	—	—	—	`—`	`none`	presidential limited democracy; a special administrative region of the People's Republic of China
Hungary	`parliamentary_democracy`	`parliamentary_republic`	Europe & Central Asia	High income	Electoral Autocracy	`civilian_dictatorship`	`none`	parliamentary republic
Iceland	`parliamentary_democracy`	`parliamentary_republic`	Europe & Central Asia	High income	Liberal Democracy	`presidential_democracy`	`none`	unitary parliamentary republic
India	`parliamentary_democracy`	`federal_parliamentary_republic`	South Asia	Lower middle income	Electoral Autocracy	`parliamentary_democracy`	`none`	federal parliamentary republic
Indonesia	`presidential_republic`	`presidential_republic`	East Asia & Pacific	Upper middle income	Electoral Democracy	`presidential_democracy`	`none`	presidential republic
Iran	`theocracy`	`theocratic_republic`	Middle East, North Africa, Afghanistan & Pakistan	Upper middle income	Closed Autocracy	`civilian_dictatorship`	`none`	theocratic republic
Iraq	`parliamentary_democracy`	`federal_parliamentary_republic`	Middle East, North Africa, Afghanistan & Pakistan	Upper middle income	Electoral Autocracy	`civilian_dictatorship`	`none`	federal parliamentary republic
Ireland	`parliamentary_democracy`	`parliamentary_republic`	Europe & Central Asia	High income	Liberal Democracy	`presidential_democracy`	`none`	parliamentary republic
Isle of Man	`parliamentary_democracy`	`parliamentary_republic`	—	—	—	`—`	`none`	parliamentary democracy (Tynwald)
Israel	`parliamentary_democracy`	`parliamentary_republic`	Middle East, North Africa, Afghanistan & Pakistan	High income	Liberal Democracy	`—`	`none`	parliamentary democracy
Italy	`parliamentary_democracy`	`parliamentary_republic`	Europe & Central Asia	High income	Liberal Democracy	`parliamentary_democracy`	`none`	parliamentary republic
Jamaica	`constitutional_monarchy`	`parliamentary_constitutional_monarchy`	Latin America & Caribbean	Upper middle income	Electoral Democracy	`parliamentary_democracy`	`ceremonial`	parliamentary democracy (Parliament) under a constitutional monarchy; a Commonwealth realm
Jan Mayen	`other`	`other`	—	—	—	`—`	`none`	—
Japan	`constitutional_monarchy`	`parliamentary_constitutional_monarchy`	East Asia & Pacific	High income	Liberal Democracy	`parliamentary_democracy`	`ceremonial`	parliamentary constitutional monarchy
Jersey	`parliamentary_democracy`	`parliamentary_republic`	—	—	—	`—`	`none`	parliamentary democracy (Assembly of the States of Jersey)
Jordan	`constitutional_monarchy`	`parliamentary_constitutional_monarchy`	Middle East, North Africa, Afghanistan & Pakistan	Lower middle income	Closed Autocracy	`royal_dictatorship`	`constitutional`	parliamentary constitutional monarchy
Kazakhstan	`presidential_republic`	`presidential_republic`	Europe & Central Asia	Upper middle income	Electoral Autocracy	`civilian_dictatorship`	`none`	presidential republic
Kenya	`presidential_republic`	`presidential_republic`	Sub-Saharan Africa	Lower middle income	Electoral Democracy	`civilian_dictatorship`	`none`	presidential republic
Kiribati	`presidential_republic`	`presidential_republic`	East Asia & Pacific	Lower middle income	—	`parliamentary_democracy`	`none`	presidential republic
Kosovo	`parliamentary_democracy`	`parliamentary_republic`	Europe & Central Asia	Upper middle income	—	`—`	`none`	parliamentary republic
Kuwait	`constitutional_monarchy`	`constitutional_monarchy`	Middle East, North Africa, Afghanistan & Pakistan	High income	Closed Autocracy	`royal_dictatorship`	`constitutional`	constitutional monarchy (emirate)
Kyrgyzstan	`parliamentary_democracy`	`parliamentary_republic`	Europe & Central Asia	Lower middle income	Electoral Autocracy	`civilian_dictatorship`	`none`	parliamentary republic
Laos	`one_party_state`	`communist_party_state`	East Asia & Pacific	Lower middle income	Closed Autocracy	`civilian_dictatorship`	`none`	communist party-led state
Latvia	`parliamentary_democracy`	`parliamentary_republic`	Europe & Central Asia	High income	Liberal Democracy	`parliamentary_democracy`	`none`	parliamentary republic
Lebanon	`parliamentary_democracy`	`parliamentary_republic`	Middle East, North Africa, Afghanistan & Pakistan	Lower middle income	Electoral Autocracy	`civilian_dictatorship`	`none`	parliamentary democratic republic
Lesotho	`constitutional_monarchy`	`parliamentary_constitutional_monarchy`	Sub-Saharan Africa	Lower middle income	Electoral Democracy	`parliamentary_democracy`	`ceremonial`	parliamentary constitutional monarchy
Liberia	`presidential_republic`	`presidential_republic`	Sub-Saharan Africa	Low income	Electoral Democracy	`presidential_democracy`	`none`	presidential republic
Libya	`other`	`in_transition`	Middle East, North Africa, Afghanistan & Pakistan	Upper middle income	Closed Autocracy	`civilian_dictatorship`	`none`	in transition
Liechtenstein	`constitutional_monarchy`	`constitutional_monarchy`	Europe & Central Asia	High income	—	`parliamentary_democracy`	`constitutional`	constitutional monarchy
Lithuania	`semi_presidential`	`semi_presidential_republic`	Europe & Central Asia	High income	Electoral Democracy	`semi_presidential_democracy`	`none`	semi-presidential republic
Luxembourg	`constitutional_monarchy`	`constitutional_monarchy`	Europe & Central Asia	High income	Liberal Democracy	`parliamentary_democracy`	`ceremonial`	constitutional monarchy
Macau	`other`	`presidential_republic`	—	—	—	`—`	`none`	executive-led limited democracy; a special administrative region of the People's Republic of China
Madagascar	`semi_presidential`	`semi_presidential_republic`	Sub-Saharan Africa	Low income	Electoral Autocracy	`civilian_dictatorship`	`none`	semi-presidential republic
Malawi	`presidential_republic`	`presidential_republic`	Sub-Saharan Africa	Low income	Electoral Democracy	`presidential_democracy`	`none`	presidential republic
Malaysia	`constitutional_monarchy`	`parliamentary_constitutional_monarchy`	East Asia & Pacific	Upper middle income	Electoral Autocracy	`parliamentary_democracy`	`elective`	federal parliamentary constitutional monarchy
Maldives	`presidential_republic`	`presidential_republic`	South Asia	Upper middle income	Electoral Democracy	`presidential_democracy`	`none`	presidential republic
Mali	`semi_presidential`	`semi_presidential_republic`	Sub-Saharan Africa	Low income	Closed Autocracy	`civilian_dictatorship`	`none`	semi-presidential republic
Malta	`parliamentary_democracy`	`parliamentary_republic`	Middle East, North Africa, Afghanistan & Pakistan	High income	Electoral Democracy	`parliamentary_democracy`	`none`	parliamentary republic
Marshall Islands	`parliamentary_democracy`	`parliamentary_republic`	East Asia & Pacific	Upper middle income	—	`parliamentary_democracy`	`none`	mixed presidential-parliamentary system in free association with the US
Mauritania	`presidential_republic`	`presidential_republic`	Sub-Saharan Africa	Lower middle income	Electoral Autocracy	`civilian_dictatorship`	`none`	presidential republic
Mauritius	`parliamentary_democracy`	`parliamentary_republic`	Sub-Saharan Africa	Upper middle income	Electoral Autocracy	`parliamentary_democracy`	`none`	parliamentary republic
Mexico	`presidential_republic`	`federal_presidential_republic`	Latin America & Caribbean	Upper middle income	Electoral Democracy	`presidential_democracy`	`none`	federal presidential republic
Micronesia	`—`	`—`	East Asia & Pacific	Lower middle income	—	`—`	`none`	—
Moldova	`parliamentary_democracy`	`parliamentary_republic`	Europe & Central Asia	Upper middle income	Electoral Democracy	`parliamentary_democracy`	`none`	parliamentary republic
Monaco	`constitutional_monarchy`	`constitutional_monarchy`	Europe & Central Asia	High income	—	`parliamentary_democracy`	`constitutional`	constitutional monarchy
Mongolia	`semi_presidential`	`semi_presidential_republic`	East Asia & Pacific	Upper middle income	Electoral Democracy	`semi_presidential_democracy`	`none`	semi-presidential republic
Montenegro	`parliamentary_democracy`	`parliamentary_republic`	Europe & Central Asia	Upper middle income	Electoral Democracy	`presidential_democracy`	`none`	parliamentary republic
Montserrat	`parliamentary_democracy`	`parliamentary_republic`	—	—	—	`—`	`none`	parliamentary democracy; self-governing overseas territory of the UK
Morocco	`constitutional_monarchy`	`parliamentary_constitutional_monarchy`	Middle East, North Africa, Afghanistan & Pakistan	Lower middle income	Closed Autocracy	`royal_dictatorship`	`constitutional`	parliamentary constitutional monarchy
Mozambique	`presidential_republic`	`presidential_republic`	Sub-Saharan Africa	Low income	Electoral Autocracy	`civilian_dictatorship`	`none`	presidential republic
Namibia	`presidential_republic`	`presidential_republic`	Sub-Saharan Africa	Lower middle income	Electoral Democracy	`civilian_dictatorship`	`none`	presidential republic
Nauru	`parliamentary_democracy`	`parliamentary_republic`	East Asia & Pacific	High income	—	`parliamentary_democracy`	`none`	parliamentary republic
Navassa Island	`other`	`other`	—	—	—	`—`	`none`	—
Nepal	`parliamentary_democracy`	`federal_parliamentary_republic`	South Asia	Lower middle income	Electoral Democracy	`presidential_democracy`	`none`	federal parliamentary republic
Netherlands	`constitutional_monarchy`	`parliamentary_constitutional_monarchy`	Europe & Central Asia	High income	Liberal Democracy	`parliamentary_democracy`	`ceremonial`	parliamentary constitutional monarchy; part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands
New Caledonia	`parliamentary_democracy`	`parliamentary_republic`	—	—	—	`—`	`none`	parliamentary democracy (Territorial Congress); an overseas collectivity of France
New Zealand	`constitutional_monarchy`	`parliamentary_constitutional_monarchy`	East Asia & Pacific	High income	Liberal Democracy	`parliamentary_democracy`	`ceremonial`	parliamentary democracy under a constitutional monarchy; a Commonwealth realm
Nicaragua	`presidential_republic`	`presidential_republic`	Latin America & Caribbean	Lower middle income	Electoral Autocracy	`civilian_dictatorship`	`none`	presidential republic
Niger	`semi_presidential`	`semi_presidential_republic`	Sub-Saharan Africa	Low income	Electoral Democracy	`semi_presidential_democracy`	`none`	formerly, semi-presidential republic
Nigeria	`presidential_republic`	`federal_presidential_republic`	Sub-Saharan Africa	Lower middle income	Electoral Autocracy	`presidential_democracy`	`none`	federal presidential republic
Niue	`parliamentary_democracy`	`parliamentary_republic`	—	—	—	`—`	`none`	parliamentary democracy
Norfolk Island	`other`	`administered_as_an_overseas_territory_of_australia`	—	—	—	`—`	`none`	administered as an overseas territory of Australia
North Korea	`one_party_state`	`communist_party_state`	East Asia & Pacific	Low income	Closed Autocracy	`civilian_dictatorship`	`none`	dictatorship, single-party communist state
North Macedonia	`parliamentary_democracy`	`parliamentary_republic`	Europe & Central Asia	Upper middle income	Electoral Democracy	`presidential_democracy`	`none`	parliamentary republic
Northern Mariana Islands	`other`	`presidential_republic`	—	—	—	`—`	`none`	a commonwealth in political union with and under the sovereignty of the US; republican form of government with separate executive, legislative, and judicial branches
Norway	`constitutional_monarchy`	`parliamentary_constitutional_monarchy`	Europe & Central Asia	High income	Liberal Democracy	`parliamentary_democracy`	`ceremonial`	parliamentary constitutional monarchy
Oman	`absolute_monarchy`	`absolute_monarchy`	Middle East, North Africa, Afghanistan & Pakistan	High income	Closed Autocracy	`royal_dictatorship`	`absolute`	absolute monarchy
Pakistan	`parliamentary_democracy`	`federal_parliamentary_republic`	Middle East, North Africa, Afghanistan & Pakistan	Lower middle income	Electoral Autocracy	`parliamentary_democracy`	`none`	federal parliamentary republic
Palau	`presidential_republic`	`presidential_republic`	East Asia & Pacific	High income	—	`presidential_democracy`	`none`	presidential republic in free association with the US
Palestine	`—`	`—`	Middle East, North Africa, Afghanistan & Pakistan	Lower middle income	—	`—`	`none`	—
Panama	`presidential_republic`	`presidential_republic`	Latin America & Caribbean	High income	Electoral Democracy	`presidential_democracy`	`none`	presidential republic
Papua New Guinea	`constitutional_monarchy`	`parliamentary_constitutional_monarchy`	East Asia & Pacific	Lower middle income	Electoral Autocracy	`parliamentary_democracy`	`ceremonial`	parliamentary democracy under a constitutional monarchy; a Commonwealth realm
Paracel Islands	`other`	`other`	—	—	—	`—`	`none`	—
Paraguay	`presidential_republic`	`presidential_republic`	Latin America & Caribbean	Upper middle income	Electoral Democracy	`presidential_democracy`	`none`	presidential republic
Peru	`presidential_republic`	`presidential_republic`	Latin America & Caribbean	Upper middle income	Electoral Democracy	`presidential_democracy`	`none`	presidential republic
Philippines	`presidential_republic`	`presidential_republic`	East Asia & Pacific	Lower middle income	Electoral Autocracy	`presidential_democracy`	`none`	presidential republic
Pitcairn Islands	`parliamentary_democracy`	`parliamentary_republic`	—	—	—	`—`	`none`	parliamentary democracy
Poland	`parliamentary_democracy`	`parliamentary_republic`	Europe & Central Asia	High income	Electoral Democracy	`presidential_democracy`	`none`	parliamentary republic
Portugal	`semi_presidential`	`semi_presidential_republic`	Europe & Central Asia	High income	Liberal Democracy	`semi_presidential_democracy`	`none`	semi-presidential republic
Puerto Rico	`presidential_republic`	`federal_presidential_republic`	—	—	—	`—`	`none`	unincorporated organized territory of the US with local self-government; republican form of territorial government with separate executive, legislative, and judicial branches; note - reference Puerto Rican Federal Relations Act, 2 March 1917, as amended by Public Law 600, 3 July 1950
Qatar	`absolute_monarchy`	`absolute_monarchy`	Middle East, North Africa, Afghanistan & Pakistan	High income	Closed Autocracy	`royal_dictatorship`	`absolute`	absolute monarchy
Romania	`semi_presidential`	`semi_presidential_republic`	Europe & Central Asia	High income	Electoral Democracy	`semi_presidential_democracy`	`none`	semi-presidential republic
Russia	`semi_presidential`	`semi_presidential_federation`	Europe & Central Asia	High income	Electoral Autocracy	`civilian_dictatorship`	`none`	semi-presidential federation
Rwanda	`presidential_republic`	`presidential_republic`	Sub-Saharan Africa	Low income	Electoral Autocracy	`civilian_dictatorship`	`none`	presidential republic
Saint Barthelemy	`parliamentary_democracy`	`parliamentary_republic`	—	—	—	`—`	`none`	parliamentary democracy (Territorial Council); overseas collectivity of France
Saint Kitts and Nevis	`constitutional_monarchy`	`parliamentary_constitutional_monarchy`	Latin America & Caribbean	High income	—	`parliamentary_democracy`	`ceremonial`	federal parliamentary democracy under a constitutional monarchy; a Commonwealth realm
Saint Lucia	`constitutional_monarchy`	`parliamentary_constitutional_monarchy`	Latin America & Caribbean	Upper middle income	—	`parliamentary_democracy`	`ceremonial`	parliamentary democracy under a constitutional monarchy; a Commonwealth realm
Saint Martin	`parliamentary_democracy`	`parliamentary_republic`	—	—	—	`—`	`none`	parliamentary democracy (Territorial Council); overseas collectivity of France
Saint Pierre and Miquelon	`parliamentary_democracy`	`parliamentary_republic`	—	—	—	`—`	`none`	parliamentary democracy (Territorial Council); overseas collectivity of France
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines	`constitutional_monarchy`	`parliamentary_constitutional_monarchy`	Latin America & Caribbean	Upper middle income	—	`parliamentary_democracy`	`ceremonial`	parliamentary democracy under a constitutional monarchy; a Commonwealth realm
Samoa	`parliamentary_democracy`	`parliamentary_republic`	East Asia & Pacific	Upper middle income	—	`civilian_dictatorship`	`none`	parliamentary republic
San Marino	`parliamentary_democracy`	`parliamentary_republic`	Europe & Central Asia	High income	—	`—`	`none`	parliamentary republic
Sao Tome and Principe	`semi_presidential`	`semi_presidential_republic`	Sub-Saharan Africa	Lower middle income	Electoral Democracy	`semi_presidential_democracy`	`none`	semi-presidential republic
Saudi Arabia	`absolute_monarchy`	`absolute_monarchy`	Middle East, North Africa, Afghanistan & Pakistan	High income	Closed Autocracy	`royal_dictatorship`	`absolute`	absolute monarchy
Senegal	`presidential_republic`	`presidential_republic`	Sub-Saharan Africa	Lower middle income	Electoral Democracy	`presidential_democracy`	`none`	presidential republic
Serbia	`parliamentary_democracy`	`parliamentary_republic`	Europe & Central Asia	Upper middle income	Electoral Autocracy	`parliamentary_democracy`	`none`	parliamentary republic
Seychelles	`presidential_republic`	`presidential_republic`	Sub-Saharan Africa	High income	Liberal Democracy	`presidential_democracy`	`none`	presidential republic
Sierra Leone	`presidential_republic`	`presidential_republic`	Sub-Saharan Africa	Low income	Electoral Democracy	`presidential_democracy`	`none`	presidential republic
Singapore	`parliamentary_democracy`	`parliamentary_republic`	East Asia & Pacific	High income	Electoral Autocracy	`civilian_dictatorship`	`none`	parliamentary republic
Sint Maarten	`constitutional_monarchy`	`parliamentary_constitutional_monarchy`	—	—	—	`—`	`ceremonial`	Parliamentary democracy under a constitutional monarchy
Slovakia	`parliamentary_democracy`	`parliamentary_republic`	Europe & Central Asia	High income	Electoral Democracy	`presidential_democracy`	`none`	parliamentary republic
Slovenia	`parliamentary_democracy`	`parliamentary_republic`	Europe & Central Asia	High income	Liberal Democracy	`parliamentary_democracy`	`none`	parliamentary republic
Solomon Islands	`constitutional_monarchy`	`parliamentary_constitutional_monarchy`	East Asia & Pacific	Lower middle income	Electoral Democracy	`parliamentary_democracy`	`ceremonial`	parliamentary democracy under a constitutional monarchy; a Commonwealth realm
Somalia	`parliamentary_democracy`	`federal_parliamentary_republic`	Sub-Saharan Africa	Low income	Closed Autocracy	`civilian_dictatorship`	`none`	federal parliamentary republic
South Africa	`parliamentary_democracy`	`parliamentary_republic`	Sub-Saharan Africa	Upper middle income	Electoral Democracy	`civilian_dictatorship`	`none`	parliamentary republic
South Georgia and South Sandwich Islands	`other`	`other`	—	—	—	`—`	`none`	—
South Korea	`presidential_republic`	`presidential_republic`	East Asia & Pacific	High income	Liberal Democracy	`presidential_democracy`	`none`	presidential republic
South Sudan	`presidential_republic`	`presidential_republic`	Sub-Saharan Africa	Low income	Closed Autocracy	`civilian_dictatorship`	`none`	presidential republic
Spain	`constitutional_monarchy`	`parliamentary_constitutional_monarchy`	Europe & Central Asia	High income	Liberal Democracy	`parliamentary_democracy`	`ceremonial`	parliamentary constitutional monarchy
Spratly Islands	`other`	`other`	—	—	—	`—`	`none`	—
Sri Lanka	`presidential_republic`	`presidential_republic`	South Asia	Lower middle income	Electoral Democracy	`presidential_democracy`	`none`	presidential republic
Sudan	`presidential_republic`	`presidential_republic`	Sub-Saharan Africa	Low income	—	`—`	`none`	presidential republic
Suriname	`presidential_republic`	`presidential_republic`	Latin America & Caribbean	Upper middle income	Electoral Democracy	`presidential_democracy`	`none`	presidential republic
Svalbard (sometimes referred to as Spitsbergen, the largest island in the archipelago)	`other`	`non_self_governing_territory_of_norway`	—	—	—	`—`	`none`	non-self-governing territory of Norway
Sweden	`constitutional_monarchy`	`parliamentary_constitutional_monarchy`	Europe & Central Asia	High income	Liberal Democracy	`parliamentary_democracy`	`ceremonial`	parliamentary constitutional monarchy
Switzerland	`directorial_republic`	`federal_directorial_republic`	Europe & Central Asia	High income	Liberal Democracy	`presidential_democracy`	`none`	federal republic (formally a confederation)
Syria	`presidential_republic`	`presidential_republic`	Middle East, North Africa, Afghanistan & Pakistan	Low income	Closed Autocracy	`civilian_dictatorship`	`none`	transitional presidential republic
Taiwan	`semi_presidential`	`semi_presidential_republic`	—	—	Liberal Democracy	`semi_presidential_democracy`	`none`	semi-presidential republic
Tajikistan	`presidential_republic`	`presidential_republic`	Europe & Central Asia	Lower middle income	Electoral Autocracy	`civilian_dictatorship`	`none`	presidential republic
Tanzania	`presidential_republic`	`presidential_republic`	Sub-Saharan Africa	Lower middle income	Electoral Autocracy	`civilian_dictatorship`	`none`	presidential republic
Thailand	`constitutional_monarchy`	`constitutional_monarchy`	East Asia & Pacific	Upper middle income	Closed Autocracy	`royal_dictatorship`	`ceremonial`	constitutional monarchy
The Bahamas	`constitutional_monarchy`	`parliamentary_constitutional_monarchy`	Latin America & Caribbean	High income	—	`parliamentary_democracy`	`ceremonial`	parliamentary democracy under a constitutional monarchy; a Commonwealth realm
The Dominican	`presidential_republic`	`presidential_republic`	Latin America & Caribbean	Upper middle income	Electoral Democracy	`presidential_democracy`	`none`	presidential republic
The Gambia	`presidential_republic`	`presidential_republic`	Sub-Saharan Africa	Low income	Electoral Democracy	`presidential_democracy`	`none`	presidential republic
Timor-Leste	`semi_presidential`	`semi_presidential_republic`	East Asia & Pacific	Lower middle income	Electoral Democracy	`semi_presidential_democracy`	`none`	semi-presidential republic
Togo	`presidential_republic`	`presidential_republic`	Sub-Saharan Africa	Low income	Electoral Autocracy	`civilian_dictatorship`	`none`	presidential republic
Tokelau	`constitutional_monarchy`	`parliamentary_constitutional_monarchy`	—	—	—	`—`	`ceremonial`	Parliamentary democracy under a constitutional monarchy
Tonga	`constitutional_monarchy`	`constitutional_monarchy`	East Asia & Pacific	Upper middle income	—	`parliamentary_democracy`	`constitutional`	constitutional monarchy
Trinidad and Tobago	`parliamentary_democracy`	`parliamentary_republic`	Latin America & Caribbean	High income	Electoral Democracy	`parliamentary_democracy`	`none`	parliamentary republic
Tunisia	`parliamentary_democracy`	`parliamentary_republic`	Middle East, North Africa, Afghanistan & Pakistan	Lower middle income	Electoral Autocracy	`civilian_dictatorship`	`none`	parliamentary republic
Turkey	`presidential_republic`	`presidential_republic`	Europe & Central Asia	Upper middle income	Electoral Autocracy	`civilian_dictatorship`	`none`	presidential republic
Turkmenistan	`presidential_republic`	`presidential_republic`	Europe & Central Asia	Upper middle income	Closed Autocracy	`civilian_dictatorship`	`none`	presidential republic; authoritarian
Turks and Caicos Islands	`parliamentary_democracy`	`parliamentary_republic`	—	—	—	`—`	`none`	parliamentary democracy
Tuvalu	`constitutional_monarchy`	`parliamentary_constitutional_monarchy`	East Asia & Pacific	Upper middle income	—	`parliamentary_democracy`	`ceremonial`	parliamentary democracy under a constitutional monarchy; a Commonwealth realm
Uganda	`presidential_republic`	`presidential_republic`	Sub-Saharan Africa	Low income	Electoral Autocracy	`civilian_dictatorship`	`none`	presidential republic
Ukraine	`semi_presidential`	`semi_presidential_republic`	Europe & Central Asia	Upper middle income	Electoral Autocracy	`semi_presidential_democracy`	`none`	semi-presidential republic
United Arab Emirates	`—`	`—`	Middle East, North Africa, Afghanistan & Pakistan	High income	Closed Autocracy	`—`	`constitutional`	—
United Kingdom	`constitutional_monarchy`	`parliamentary_constitutional_monarchy`	Europe & Central Asia	High income	Liberal Democracy	`parliamentary_democracy`	`ceremonial`	parliamentary constitutional monarchy; a Commonwealth realm
United States	`presidential_republic`	`federal_presidential_republic`	North America	High income	Liberal Democracy	`presidential_democracy`	`none`	constitutional federal republic
Uruguay	`presidential_republic`	`presidential_republic`	Latin America & Caribbean	High income	Liberal Democracy	`presidential_democracy`	`none`	presidential republic
Uzbekistan	`presidential_republic`	`presidential_republic`	Europe & Central Asia	Lower middle income	Closed Autocracy	`civilian_dictatorship`	`none`	presidential republic; highly authoritarian
Vanuatu	`parliamentary_democracy`	`parliamentary_republic`	East Asia & Pacific	Lower middle income	Electoral Democracy	`parliamentary_democracy`	`none`	parliamentary republic
Venezuela	`presidential_republic`	`federal_presidential_republic`	Latin America & Caribbean	—	Electoral Autocracy	`civilian_dictatorship`	`none`	federal presidential republic
Vietnam	`one_party_state`	`communist_party_state`	East Asia & Pacific	Lower middle income	Closed Autocracy	`civilian_dictatorship`	`none`	communist party-led state
Virgin Islands	`other`	`presidential_republic`	—	—	—	`—`	`none`	unincorporated organized territory of the US with local self-government; republican form of territorial government with separate executive, legislative, and judicial branches
Wake Island	`other`	`other`	—	—	—	`—`	`none`	—
Wallis and Futuna	`parliamentary_democracy`	`parliamentary_republic`	—	—	—	`—`	`none`	parliamentary democracy (Territorial Assembly); overseas collectivity of France
West Bank	`other`	`other`	—	—	—	`—`	`none`	—
Western Sahara	`other`	`presidential_republic`	—	—	—	`—`	`none`	legal status of territory and issue of sovereignty unresolved; territory contested by Morocco and Polisario Front (Popular Front for the Liberation of the Saguia el Hamra and Rio de Oro), which in February 1976 formally proclaimed a government-in-exile of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic (SADR), near Tindouf, Algeria, led by President Mohamed ABDELAZIZ until his death in May 2016; current President Brahim GHALI elected in July 2016; territory partitioned between Morocco and Mauritania in April 1976 when Spain withdrew, with Morocco acquiring northern two-thirds; Mauritania, under pressure from Polisario guerrillas, abandoned all claims to its portion in August 1979; Morocco moved to occupy that sector shortly thereafter and has since asserted administrative control; the Polisario's government-in-exile was seated as an Organization of African Unity (OAU) member in 1984; Morocco between 1980 and 1987 built a fortified sand berm delineating the roughly 75% of Western Sahara west of the barrier that currently is controlled by Morocco; guerrilla activities continued sporadically until a UN-monitored cease-fire was implemented on 6 September 1991 (Security Council Resolution 690) by the United Nations Mission for the Referendum in Western Sahara (MINURSO)
Yemen	`other`	`in_transition`	Middle East, North Africa, Afghanistan & Pakistan	Low income	Closed Autocracy	`civilian_dictatorship`	`none`	in transition
Zambia	`presidential_republic`	`presidential_republic`	Sub-Saharan Africa	Lower middle income	Electoral Democracy	`presidential_democracy`	`none`	presidential republic
Zimbabwe	`presidential_republic`	`presidential_republic`	Sub-Saharan Africa	Lower middle income	Electoral Autocracy	`civilian_dictatorship`	`none`	presidential republic

Cite this page

Cite this pageAPA · BibTeX · Chicago · JSON

Civica. (2026). Civica Atlas Methodology — Peer-grouping migration table: Peer-grouping migration table. Civica Atlas. Retrieved May 7, 2026, from https://civicaatlas.org/civica-index/methodology/peer-grouping/migration