Eritrea

AuthoritarianPop6.4MGDP (PPP)$2.5BCI8Beta CP0.0→Beta

Eritrea

⌘K

Overview

Background: Eritrea won independence from Italian colonial control in 1941, but the UN only established it as an autonomous region within the Ethiopian federation in 1952, after a decade of British administrative control. Ethiopia's full annexation of Eritrea as a province 10 years later sparked a violent 30-year conflict for independence that ended in 1991 with Eritrean fighters defeating government forces. Eritreans overwhelmingly approved independence in a 1993 referendum. ISAIAS Afwerki has been Eritrea's only president since independence; his rule, particularly since 2001, has been characterized by highly autocratic and repressive actions. His government has created a highly militarized society by instituting an unpopular program of mandatory conscription into national service -- divided between military and civilian service -- of indefinite length.

A two-and-a-half-year border war with Ethiopia that erupted in 1998 ended under UN auspices in 2000. Ethiopia rejected a subsequent 2007 Eritrea-Ethiopia Boundary Commission (EEBC) demarcation. More than a decade of a tense “no peace, no war” stalemate ended in 2018 when the newly elected Ethiopian prime minister accepted the EEBC’s 2007 ruling, and the two countries signed declarations of peace and friendship. Eritrean leaders then engaged in intensive diplomacy around the Horn of Africa, bolstering regional peace, security, and cooperation, as well as brokering rapprochements between governments and opposition groups. In 2018, the UN Security Council lifted an arms embargo that had been imposed on Eritrea since 2009, after the UN Somalia-Eritrea Monitoring Group reported they had not found evidence of Eritrean support in recent years for al-Shabaab. The country’s rapprochement with Ethiopia led to a resumption of economic ties, but the level of air transport, trade, and tourism have remained roughly the same since late 2020.

The Eritrean economy remains agriculture-dependent, and the country is still one of Africa’s poorest nations. Eritrea faced new international condemnation and US sanctions in mid-2021 for its participation in the war in Ethiopia’s Tigray Regional State, where Eritrean forces were found to have committed war crimes and crimes against humanity. As most Eritrean troops were departing northern Ethiopia in January 2023, ISAIAS began a series of diplomatic engagements aimed at bolstering Eritrea’s foreign partnerships and regional influence. Despite the country's improved relations with its neighbors, ISAIAS has not let up on repression, and conscription and militarization continue.

Geography

Area

Land: 101,000 sq km
Water: 16,600 sq km
Total: 117,600 sq km

Climate: hot, dry desert strip along Red Sea coast; cooler and wetter in the central highlands (up to 61 cm of rainfall annually, heaviest June to September); semiarid in western hills and lowlands
Terrain: dominated by extension of Ethiopian north-south trending highlands, descending on the east to a coastal desert plain, on the northwest to hilly terrain and on the southwest to flat-to-rolling plains

Land Use

Other: 25.3% (2023 est.)
Forest: 12% (2023 est.)
Agricultural land: 62.7% (2023 est.)
Agricultural land: arable land: arable land: 5.7% (2023 est.)
Agricultural land: permanent crops: permanent crops: 0% (2023 est.)
Agricultural land: permanent pasture: permanent pasture: 56.9% (2023 est.)

Location: Eastern Africa, bordering the Red Sea, between Djibouti and Sudan
Coastline: 2,234 km (mainland on Red Sea 1,151 km; islands in Red Sea 1,083 km)

Elevation

Lowest point: near Kulul within the Danakil Depression -75 m
Highest point: Soira 3,018 m
Mean elevation: 853 m

Irrigated land: 210 sq km (2012)
Map references: Africa

Land Boundaries

Total: 1,840 km
Border countries: Djibouti 125 km; Ethiopia 1,033 km; Sudan 682 km

Maritime Claims

Territorial sea: 12 nm

Natural hazards: frequent droughts, rare earthquakes and volcanoes; locust swarms

volcanism: Dubbi (1,625 m), which last erupted in 1861, was the country's only historically active volcano until Nabro (2,218 m) came to life in 2011
Geography note: strategic geopolitical position along world's busiest shipping lanes
Natural resources: gold, potash, zinc, copper, salt, possibly oil and natural gas, fish
Area comparative: slightly smaller than Pennsylvania
Geographic coordinates: 15 00 N, 39 00 E
Population distribution: density is highest in the center of the country, in and around the cities of Asmara (capital) and Keren; smaller settlements exist in the north and south, as shown in this population distribution map

People & Society

Languages: Tigrinya (official), Arabic (official), English (official), Tigre, Kunama, Afar, other Cushitic languages
Religions: Eritrean Orthodox, Roman Catholic, Evangelical Lutheran, Sunni Muslim

Sex Ratio

At birth: 1.03 male(s)/female
0 14 years: 1.01 male(s)/female
15 64 years: 0.97 male(s)/female
Total population: 0.97 male(s)/female (2024 est.)
65 years and over: 0.66 male(s)/female

Birth rate: 25.92 births/1,000 population (2025 est.)
Death rate: 6.43 deaths/1,000 population (2025 est.)

Median Age

Male: 20.8 years
Total: 21.7 years (2025 est.)
Female: 21.8 years

Population

Male: 3,158,281
Total: 6,416,435 (2025 est.)
Female: 3,258,154

Nationality

Noun: Eritrean(s)
Adjective: Eritrean

Tobacco Use

Male: 14.7% (2020 est.)
Total: 7.5% (2020 est.)
Female: 0.2% (2020 est.)

Urbanization

Urban population: 43.3% of total population (2023)
Rate of urbanization: 3.67% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Age Structure

0 14 years: 35.7% (male 1,138,382/female 1,123,925)
15 64 years: 60.3% (male 1,882,547/female 1,944,266)
65 years and over: 4% (2024 est.) (male 101,504/female 153,332)

Ethnic groups: Tigrinya 50%, Tigre 30%, Saho 4%, Afar 4%, Kunama 4%, Bilen 3%, Hedareb/Beja 2%, Nara 2%, Rashaida 1% (2021 est.)

Dependency Ratios

Total dependency ratio: 64.2 (2025 est.)
Youth dependency ratio: 57.6 (2025 est.)
Potential support ratio: 15.1 (2025 est.)
Elderly dependency ratio: 6.6 (2025 est.)

Physician density: 0.09 physicians/1,000 population (2022)

Health Expenditure

Health expenditure (as % of GDP): 4.2% of GDP (2021)
Health expenditure (as % of national budget): 2.4% of national budget (2022 est.)

Net migration rate: -7.95 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2025 est.)
Hospital bed density: 1 beds/1,000 population (2020 est.)
Total fertility rate: 3.35 children born/woman (2025 est.)

Infant Mortality Rate

Male: 46.6 deaths/1,000 live births
Total: 39 deaths/1,000 live births (2025 est.)
Female: 32.8 deaths/1,000 live births

Population growth rate: 1.16% (2025 est.)
Gross reproduction rate: 1.65 (2025 est.)
Population distribution: density is highest in the center of the country, in and around the cities of Asmara (capital) and Keren; smaller settlements exist in the north and south, as shown in this population distribution map

Life Expectancy at Birth

Male: 64.9 years
Female: 70.2 years
Total population: 67.5 years (2024 est.)

Maternal mortality ratio: 291 deaths/100,000 live births (2023 est.)

Alcohol Consumption Per Capita

Beer: 0.42 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
Wine: 0 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
Total: 0.93 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
Spirits: 0 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
Other alcohols: 0.51 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)

Major urban areas population: 1.073 million ASMARA (capital) (2023)
Obesity adult prevalence rate: 5% (2016)
Mother's mean age at first birth: 21.3 years (2010 est.)

School Life Expectancy (Primary to Tertiary Education)

Male: 9 years (2015 est.)
Total: 8 years (2015 est.)
Female: 7 years (2015 est.)

Government

Civica · structure

How power is organised

ExecutiveLegislative

Flag: description: a red isosceles triangle (based on the left side) divides the flag into two right triangles; the upper triangle is green, the lower is blue; a gold wreath around a gold olive branch is on the left side of the red triangle

meaning: green stands for the country's agriculture economy, red for the blood shed in the fight for freedom, and blue for the sea's bounty; the shape of the red triangle mimics the country's shape

Capital

Name: Asmara
Etymology: the name's origin is unclear; according to Tigrinya oral tradition, the name is part of a phrase meaning "the women made them unite," referring to a group of women who made four clans unite to defeat a common enemy; asmara also means "flowery wood" in the Tigrinya language
Time difference: UTC+3 (8 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)
Geographic coordinates: 15 20 N, 38 56 E

Suffrage: 18 years of age; universal

Citizenship

Citizenship BY birth: no
Citizenship BY descent only: at least one parent must be a citizen of Eritrea
Dual citizenship recognized: no
Residency requirement for naturalization: 20 years

Constitution

History: ratified by the Constituent Assembly 23 May 1997 (never implemented)
Amendment process: proposed by the president of Eritrea or by assent of at least one half of the National Assembly membership; passage requires at least an initial three-quarters majority vote by the Assembly and, after one year, final passage by at least four-fifths majority vote by the Assembly

Country Name

Former: Eritrea Autonomous Region in Ethiopia
Etymology: the country name derives from the ancient Greek name Erythra Thalassa, meaning "Red Sea," the body of water that borders the country
Local long form: Hagere Ertra
Local short form: Ertra
Conventional long form: State of Eritrea
Conventional short form: Eritrea

Independence: 24 May 1993 (from Ethiopia)
Legal system: mixed system of civil, customary, and Islamic religious law
Government type: authoritarian

Judicial Branch

Highest court(s): High Court (consists of 20 judges and organized into civil, commercial, criminal, labor, administrative, and customary sections)
Subordinate courts: regional/zonal courts; community courts; special courts; sharia courts (for issues dealing with Muslim marriage, inheritance, and family); military courts
Judge selection and term of office: High Court judges appointed by the president

Executive Branch

Note: note 1: Eritrea’s authoritarian regime is controlled entirely by the president, who heads the sole political party, which has ruled the country since 1991; national elections have not taken place since 1991 and the constitution has not been implemented.

note 2: the president is both chief of state and head of government and is head of the State Council and National Assembly
Cabinet: State Council appointed by the president
Chief of state: President ISAIAS Afwerki (since 24 May 1993)
Election results: 1993: ISAIAS Afwerki elected president by the transitional National Assembly; percent of National Assembly vote - ISAIAS Afwerki (PFDJ) 95%, other 5%
Head of government: President ISAIAS Afwerki (since 8 June 1993)
Most recent election date: 24 May 1993, following independence from Ethiopia
Election/appointment process: president indirectly elected by the National Assembly for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term), according to the constitution
Expected date of next election: postponed indefinitely

National holiday: Independence Day, 24 May (1991)
National color(s): green, red, blue

National Heritage

Total world heritage sites: 1 (cultural)
Selected world heritage site locales: Asmara: A Modernist African City

Political parties: People's Front for Democracy and Justice or PFDJ (the only party recognized by the government)

Legislative Branch

Note: note: in 1997, after the new constitution was adopted, the government formed a Transitional National Assembly to serve as the country's legislative body until countrywide elections to form a National Assembly could be held; the constitution stipulates that once past the transition stage, all National Assembly members will be elected by secret ballot of all eligible voters; National Assembly elections scheduled for December 2001 were postponed indefinitely due to the war with Ethiopia; as of 2025, no sitting legislative body exists
Term in office: 4 years
Number of seats: 150 (all indirectly elected)
Legislature name: National Assembly (Hagerawi Baito)
Scope of elections: full renewal
Legislative structure: unicameral
Most recent election date: 2/1/1994

National Anthem(s)

Title: "Ertra, Ertra, Ertra" (Eritrea, Eritrea, Eritrea)
History: adopted 1993, after gaining independence from Ethiopia
Lyrics/music: SOLOMON Tsehaye Beraki/Isaac Abraham MEHAREZGI and ARON Tekle Tesfatsion

National symbol(s): camel
National coat of arms: Eritrea adopted its coat of arms on May 24, 1993, when it won independence from Ethiopia; the camel was used to transport supplies and goods during the war, and it became a symbol of the country’s success; the olive wreath represents peace, reconciliation, and harmony; under the camel is name of the country in its three official languages: Tigrinya, English, and Arabic
Administrative divisions: 6 regions (zobatat, singular - zoba); 'Anseba, Debub (South), Debubawi K'eyyih Bahri (Southern Red Sea), Gash-Barka, Ma'ikel (Central), Semienawi K'eyyih Bahri (Northern Red Sea)

Diplomatic Representation in the US

Fax: [1] (202) 319-1304
Chancery: 1708 New Hampshire Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20009
Telephone: [1] (202) 319-1991
Chief of mission: Ambassador (vacant); Chargé d'Affaires Berhane Gebrehiwet SOLOMON (since 15 March 2011)
Email address and website: embassyeritrea@embassyeritrea.org

https://us.embassyeritrea.org/

Diplomatic Representation from the US

Fax: [291] (1) 12-75-84
Embassy: 179 Alaa Street, Asmara
Telephone: [291] (1) 12-00-04
Mailing address: 7170 Asmara Place, Washington DC  20521-7170
Chief of mission: Ambassador (vacant); Chargé d'Affaires Christine E. MEYER (since July 2025)
Email address and website: consularasmara@state.gov

https://er.usembassy.gov/

International organisations: ACP, AfDB, AU, COMESA, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (NGOs), IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS (observer), IGAD, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, ISO (correspondent), ITU, ITUC (NGOs), LAS (observer), MIGA, NAM, OPCW, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHRC, UNIDO, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO
International law organization participation: has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; non-party state to the ICCt

Legislature

ERITREA · LEGISLATURE

National Assembly

150 seats · hover a seat for the party

Total seats

150

Majority line

Largest party

People's Front for Democracy and Justice

Parties

All political parties1 party · 150 seats · click to dim in hemicycle

Leaders

Current

IA
Isaias Afwerki
- Head of StateSince 1993
- Head of GovernmentSince 1993

Economy

Budget

Revenues: $633 million (2018 est.)
Expenditures: $549 million (2018 est.)

Exports

Civica canonical (reconciled): $374.898 million (2011 est.)

Exports 2011: $374.898 million (2011 est.)
Exports 2016: $485.4 million (2016 est.)
Exports 2017: $624.3 million (2017 est.)

Imports

Civica canonical (reconciled): $435.275 million (2009 est.)

Imports 2009: $435.275 million (2009 est.)
Imports 2010: $494.229 million (2010 est.)

Industries: food processing, beverages, clothing and textiles, light manufacturing, salt, cement
Labor force: 1.71 million (2024 est.)

Public Debt

Civica canonical (reconciled): 260.4%

Public debt 2016: 132.8% of GDP (2016 est.)

Exchange Rates

Currency: nakfa (ERN) per US dollar -
Exchange rates 2020: 15.075 (2020 est.)
Exchange rates 2021: 15.075 (2021 est.)
Exchange rates 2022: 15.075 (2022 est.)
Exchange rates 2023: 15.075 (2023 est.)
Exchange rates 2024: 15.075 (2024 est.)

Debt External

Note: note: present value of external debt in current US dollars
Debt external 2023: $461.376 million (2023 est.)

Economic overview: largely agrarian economy with a significant mining sector; substantial fiscal surplus due to tight controls; high and vulnerable debts; increased Ethiopian trade and shared port usage decreasing prices; financial and economic data integrity challenges

Unemployment Rate

Civica canonical (reconciled): 6.0%

Note: note: % of labor force seeking employment
Unemployment rate 2022: 5.7% (2022 est.)
Unemployment rate 2023: 5.6% (2023 est.)
Unemployment rate 2024: 5.6% (2024 est.)

Exports partners: China 67%, UAE 26%, Philippines 5%, Italy 1%, Croatia 1% (2023)
Imports partners: China 32%, UAE 27%, Turkey 9%, USA 7%, Italy 5% (2023)

Real GDP Per Capita

Civica canonical (reconciled): $700 (2024 est.)

Note: note: data in 2015 dollars
Real GDP per capita 2022: $700 (2022 est.)
Real GDP per capita 2023: $700 (2023 est.)
Real GDP per capita 2024: $700 (2024 est.)

Real GDP Growth Rate

Civica canonical (reconciled): 3.8%

Real GDP growth rate 2015: 2.6% (2015 est.)
Real GDP growth rate 2016: 1.9% (2016 est.)
Real GDP growth rate 2017: 5% (2017 est.)

Agricultural products: sorghum, milk, barley, vegetables, root vegetables, cereals, pulses, wheat, beef, maize (2023)
Exports commodities: copper ore, zinc ore, gold, garments, liquor (2023)
Imports commodities: trucks, sorghum, construction vehicles, wheat flours, other foods (2023)
GDP (official exchange rate): $2.535 billion (2024 est.)

Inflation Rate (Consumer Prices)

Civica canonical (reconciled): 7.4% (2022 est.)

Note: note: annual % change based on consumer prices
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2020: 5.6% (2020 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2021: 6.6% (2021 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2022: 7.4% (2022 est.)

Real GDP (Purchasing Power Parity)

Civica canonical (reconciled): $2.534 billion (2024 est.)

Note: note: data in 2015 dollars
Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2022: $2.398 billion (2022 est.)
Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2023: $2.465 billion (2023 est.)
Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2024: $2.534 billion (2024 est.)

Youth Unemployment Rate (Ages 15 24)

Male: 8.5% (2024 est.)
Note: note: % of labor force ages 15-24 seeking employment
Total: 9.4% (2024 est.)
Female: 10.5% (2024 est.)

Reserves of Foreign Exchange and Gold

Note: note: holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2017: $143.412 million (2017 est.)
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2018: $163.034 million (2018 est.)
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2019: $191.694 million (2019 est.)

Energy

Petroleum

Refined petroleum consumption: 5,000 bbl/day (2023 est.)

Electricity

Consumption: 388.987 million kWh (2023 est.)
Installed generating capacity: 243,000 kW (2023 est.)
Transmission/distribution losses: 51.528 million kWh (2023 est.)

Electricity Access

Electrification rural areas: 36%
Electrification urban areas: 75.5%
Electrification total population: 55.4% (2022 est.)

Energy Consumption Per Capita

Total energy consumption per capita 2023: 2.977 million Btu/person (2023 est.)

Electricity Generation Sources

Wind: 0.2% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)
Solar: 10.7% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)
Fossil fuels: 89.1% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)

Communications

Internet Users

Percent of population: 20% (2023 est.)

Broadcast media: government controls broadcast media, with private ownership prohibited; 1 state-owned TV station; 2 state-owned radio networks; purchases of satellite dishes and subscriptions to international broadcast media are permitted (2023)
Internet country code: .er

Telephones Fixed Lines

Total subscriptions: 68,200 (2022 est.)
Subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 2 (2022 est.)

Telephones Mobile Cellular

Total subscriptions: 2.02 million (2022 est.)
Subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 59 (2022 est.)

Broadband Fixed Subscriptions

Total: 6,000 (2022 est.)
Subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: (2022 est.) less than 1

Transport

Ports

Large: 0
Small: 2
Medium: 0
Key ports: Assab, Mitsiwa Harbor
Very small: 0
Total ports: 2 (2024)
Ports with oil terminals: 2

Airports: 11 (2025)

Railways

Total: 306 km (2018)
Narrow gauge: 306 km (2018) 0.950-m gauge

Merchant Marine

Total: 9 (2023)
BY type: general cargo 4, oil tanker 1, other 4

Civil aircraft registration country code prefix: E3

Environment

Climate: hot, dry desert strip along Red Sea coast; cooler and wetter in the central highlands (up to 61 cm of rainfall annually, heaviest June to September); semiarid in western hills and lowlands

Land Use

Other: 25.3% (2023 est.)
Forest: 12% (2023 est.)
Agricultural land: 62.7% (2023 est.)
Agricultural land: arable land: arable land: 5.7% (2023 est.)
Agricultural land: permanent crops: permanent crops: 0% (2023 est.)
Agricultural land: permanent pasture: permanent pasture: 56.9% (2023 est.)

Urbanization

Urban population: 43.3% of total population (2023)
Rate of urbanization: 3.67% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Methane Emissions

Other: 2.8 kt (2019-2021 est.)
Waste: 20.5 kt (2019-2021 est.)
Energy: 15.7 kt (2022-2024 est.)
Agriculture: 117.4 kt (2019-2021 est.)

Waste and Recycling

Municipal solid waste generated annually: 727,000 tons (2024 est.)
Percent of municipal solid waste recycled: 6.8% (2022 est.)

Environmental issues: deforestation; desertification; soil erosion; overgrazing

Total Water Withdrawal

Municipal: 31 million cubic meters (2022 est.)
Industrial: 1 million cubic meters (2022 est.)
Agricultural: 550 million cubic meters (2022 est.)

Carbon Dioxide Emissions

Total emissions: 733,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
From petroleum and other liquids: 733,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)

Particulate matter emissions: 22.7 micrograms per cubic meter (2019 est.)
Total renewable water resources: 7.315 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)

International Environmental Agreements

Party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Ozone Layer Protection, Whaling
Signed, but not ratified: Climate Change-Paris Agreement

Military & Security

Military note: the military’s primary responsibilities are external defense, border security, and providing the regime a vehicle for national cohesion; the conscript-based Army is the dominant service

since the country's independence in 1991, the Eritrean military has participated in numerous conflicts, including the Hanish Island Crisis with Yemen (1995), the First Congo War (1996-1997), the Second Sudanese Civil War (1996-1998), the Eritrea-Ethiopia War (1998-2000), the Djiboutian-Eritrean border conflict (2008), and the Tigray conflict in Ethiopia (2020-2022); during the Tigray conflict, the Eritrean Defense Forces were accused of human rights abuses; in recent years, it has provided training support to the military of Somalia (2025)

Military Expenditures

Civica canonical (reconciled): 10% of GDP (2019 est.)

Military expenditures 2015: 10.6% of GDP (2015 est.)
Military expenditures 2016: 10.4% of GDP (2016 est.)
Military expenditures 2017: 10.3% of GDP (2017 est.)
Military expenditures 2018: 10.2% of GDP (2018 est.)
Military expenditures 2019: 10% of GDP (2019 est.)

Military and security forces: Eritrean Defense Forces (EDF): Eritrean Ground Forces, Eritrean Navy, Eritrean Air Force; People's Militia (aka People's Army or Hizbawi Serawit) (2024)
Military service age and obligation: Eritrea mandates military service for all citizens age 18-40; 18-month conscript service obligation, which reportedly includes 4-6 months of military training and 12 months of military or other national service (military service is most common); in practice, military and national service is often extended indefinitely; citizens up to the age of 59 eligible for recall during mobilization (2025)
Military equipment inventories and acquisitions: the EDF's inventory is comprised primarily of Soviet-era weapons and equipment (2025)
Military and security service personnel strengths: available information varies widely; estimated 150,000-200,000 active Defense Forces (2025)

Transnational Issues

Trafficking in Persons

Tier rating: Tier 3 — Eritrea does not fully meet the minimum standards for the elimination of trafficking and is not making significant efforts to do so, therefore Eritrea remained on Tier 3; for more details, go to: https://www.state.gov/reports/2025-trafficking-in-persons-report/eritrea/

Refugees and Internally Displaced Persons

Refugees: 119 (2024 est.)

Scores & Rankings

ScoreValueGlobal rankTrendAs of

Civica Index8.0 / 100as of 2024-Q4186 / 1902024-Q4

V-Dem Liberal Democracy0.01as of 2024-Q4170 / 1702024-Q4

Freedom House StatusNot Free (0/100)as of 2024-Q4—2024-Q4

Press Freedom (RSF)Restricted press (18/100)as of 2024—2024

Cite this page

Cite this pageAPA · BibTeX · Chicago · JSON

Civica. (2026). Civica Atlas — Eritrea — vintage 2026-Q1: Eritrea factbook. Civica Atlas. Retrieved May 7, 2026, from https://civicaatlas.org/factbook/eritrea

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Sources: FAO FAOSTAT, ILO ILOSTAT, IMF (WEO), UN Statistics Division, UNDP HDR, UNESCO Institute for Statistics, V-Dem, WHO Global Health Observatory, World Bank, WTO Stats, CIA World Factbook, Wikidata

Eritrea

Area

Land Use

Elevation

Land Boundaries

Maritime Claims

Sex Ratio

Median Age

Population

Nationality

Tobacco Use

Urbanization

Age Structure

Dependency Ratios

Health Expenditure

Infant Mortality Rate

Life Expectancy at Birth

Alcohol Consumption Per Capita

School Life Expectancy (Primary to Tertiary Education)

How power is organised

Capital

Citizenship

Constitution

Country Name

Judicial Branch

Executive Branch

National Heritage

Legislative Branch

National Anthem(s)

Diplomatic Representation in the US

Diplomatic Representation from the US

National Assembly

Current

Isaias Afwerki

Budget

Exports

Imports

Public Debt

Exchange Rates

Debt External

Unemployment Rate

Real GDP Per Capita

Real GDP Growth Rate

Inflation Rate (Consumer Prices)

Real GDP (Purchasing Power Parity)

Youth Unemployment Rate (Ages 15 24)

Reserves of Foreign Exchange and Gold

Petroleum

Electricity

Electricity Access

Energy Consumption Per Capita

Electricity Generation Sources

Internet Users

Telephones Fixed Lines

Telephones Mobile Cellular

Broadband Fixed Subscriptions

Ports

Railways

Merchant Marine

Land Use

Urbanization

Methane Emissions

Waste and Recycling

Total Water Withdrawal

Carbon Dioxide Emissions

International Environmental Agreements

Military Expenditures

Trafficking in Persons

Refugees and Internally Displaced Persons

Cite this page