Cyprus

Republic Of Cyprus - Presidential RepublicPop1.3MGDP (PPP)$50.1BCI70Beta CP0.0→Beta

Cyprus

⌘K

Overview

Background: A former British colony, Cyprus became independent in 1960 after years of resistance to British rule. Tensions between the Greek Cypriot majority and Turkish Cypriot minority came to a head in December 1963, when violence broke out in the capital of Nicosia. Despite the deployment of UN peacekeepers in 1964, sporadic intercommunal violence continued and forced most Turkish Cypriots into enclaves throughout the island. In 1974, a Greek Government-sponsored attempt to overthrow the elected president of Cyprus was met by military intervention from Turkey, which soon controlled more than a third of the island. In 1983, the Turkish Cypriot administered area declared itself the "Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus" (TRNC), but it is recognized only by Turkey. A UN-mediated agreement to reunite Cyprus, the Annan Plan, failed to win approval from both communities in 2004. The most recent round of reunification negotiations was suspended in 2017 after failure to achieve a breakthrough.

The entire island joined the EU in 2004, although the EU acquis -- the body of common rights and obligations -- applies only to the areas under the internationally recognized government and is suspended in the TRNC. However, individual Turkish Cypriots able to document their eligibility for Republic of Cyprus citizenship have the same legal rights accorded to citizens of other EU states.

Geography

Area

Land: 9,241 sq km
Water: 10 sq km
Total: 9,251 sq km (of which 3,355 sq km are in north Cyprus)

Climate: temperate; Mediterranean with hot, dry summers and cool winters
Terrain: central plain with mountains to north and south; scattered but significant plains along southern coast

Land Use

Other: 67.1% (2023 est.)
Forest: 18.6% (2023 est.)
Agricultural land: 14% (2023 est.)
Agricultural land: arable land: arable land: 10.6% (2023 est.)
Agricultural land: permanent crops: permanent crops: 3.1% (2023 est.)
Agricultural land: permanent pasture: permanent pasture: 0.2% (2023 est.)

Location: Middle East, island in the Mediterranean Sea, south of Turkey; note - Cyprus views itself as part of Europe; geopolitically, it can be classified as falling within Europe, the Middle East, or both
Coastline: 648 km

Elevation

Lowest point: Mediterranean Sea 0 m
Highest point: Mount Olympus 1,951 m
Mean elevation: 91 m

Irrigated land: 269 sq km (2020)
Map references: Middle East

Land Boundaries

Total: 156 km
Border sovereign base areas: Akrotiri 48 km; Dhekelia 108 km

Maritime Claims

Contiguous zone: 24 nm
Territorial sea: 12 nm
Continental shelf: 200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation

Natural hazards: moderate earthquake activity; droughts
Geography note: the third largest island in the Mediterranean Sea (after Sicily and Sardinia)
Natural resources: copper, pyrites, asbestos, gypsum, timber, salt, marble, clay earth pigment
Area comparative: about 0.6 times the size of Connecticut
Geographic coordinates: 35 00 N, 33 00 E
Population distribution: population concentrated in central Nicosia and in the major cities of the south: Paphos, Limassol, and Larnaca

People & Society

Languages

Note: note: data represent only the Republic of Cyprus
Languages: Greek (official) 80.9%, Turkish (official) 0.2%, English 4.1%, Romanian 2.9%, Russian 2.5%, Bulgarian 2.2%, Arabic 1.2%, Filipino 1.1%, other 4.3%, unspecified 0.6%  (2011 est.)
Major language sample(s): Το Παγκόσμιο Βιβλίο Δεδομένων, η απαραίτητη πηγή βασικών πληροφοριών. (Greek)

The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.

Religions: Eastern Orthodox Christian 89.1%, Roman Catholic 2.9%, Protestant/Anglican 2%, Muslim 1.8%, Buddhist 1%, other (includes Maronite Catholic, Armenian Apostolic, Hindu) 1.4%, unknown 1.1%, none/atheist 0.6% (2011 est.)

Sex Ratio

At birth: 1.05 male(s)/female
0 14 years: 1.05 male(s)/female
15 64 years: 1.11 male(s)/female
Total population: 1.05 male(s)/female (2024 est.)
65 years and over: 0.77 male(s)/female

Birth rate: 9.95 births/1,000 population (2025 est.)
Death rate: 7.11 deaths/1,000 population (2025 est.)

Median Age

Male: 38.2 years
Total: 39.9 years (2025 est.)
Female: 41 years

Population

Male: 681,128
Total: 1,332,293 (2025 est.)
Female: 651,165

Nationality

Noun: Cypriot(s)
Adjective: Cypriot

Tobacco Use

Male: 44.1% (2025 est.)
Total: 33.1% (2025 est.)
Female: 22.2% (2025 est.)

Urbanization

Urban population: 67% of total population (2023)
Rate of urbanization: 0.76% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Age Structure

0 14 years: 15.6% (male 105,533/female 100,099)
15 64 years: 70% (male 486,569/female 437,651)
65 years and over: 14.4% (2024 est.) (male 83,094/female 107,579)

Ethnic groups: Greek 98.8%, other 1% (includes Maronite, Armenian, Turkish-Cypriot), unspecified 0.2% (2011 est.)
People note: demographic data for Cyprus represent the population of the government-controlled area and the area administered by Turkish Cypriots, unless otherwise indicated

Dependency Ratios

Note: note: data represent the whole country
Total dependency ratio: 43.6 (2025 est.)
Youth dependency ratio: 22.3 (2025 est.)
Potential support ratio: 4.7 (2025 est.)
Elderly dependency ratio: 21.4 (2025 est.)

Physician density: 3.56 physicians/1,000 population (2022)

Health Expenditure

Health expenditure (as % of GDP): 9.4% of GDP (2021)
Health expenditure (as % of national budget): 18.3% of national budget (2022 est.)

Net migration rate: 6.04 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2025 est.)
Hospital bed density: 2.2 beds/1,000 population (2019 est.)
Total fertility rate: 1.49 children born/woman (2025 est.)

Drinking Water Source

Improved: rural: rural: 99.8% of population (2022 est.)
Improved: total: total: 99.8% of population (2022 est.)
Improved: urban: urban: 99.7% of population (2022 est.)
Unimproved: rural: rural: 0.2% of population (2022 est.)
Unimproved: total: total: 0.2% of population (2022 est.)
Unimproved: urban: urban: 0.3% of population (2022 est.)

Education Expenditure

Education expenditure (% GDP): 4.7% of GDP (2022 est.)
Education expenditure (% national budget): 12.5% national budget (2022 est.)

Infant Mortality Rate

Male: 9.7 deaths/1,000 live births
Total: 7.9 deaths/1,000 live births (2025 est.)
Female: 6.4 deaths/1,000 live births

Population growth rate: 0.89% (2025 est.)
Gross reproduction rate: 0.73 (2025 est.)
Population distribution: population concentrated in central Nicosia and in the major cities of the south: Paphos, Limassol, and Larnaca

Life Expectancy at Birth

Male: 77.4 years
Female: 83.1 years
Total population: 80.2 years (2024 est.)

Maternal mortality ratio: 14 deaths/100,000 live births (2023 est.)

Sanitation Facility Access

Improved: rural: rural: 98.8% of population (2022 est.)
Improved: total: total: 99.4% of population (2022 est.)
Improved: urban: urban: 99.7% of population (2022 est.)
Unimproved: rural: rural: 1.2% of population (2022 est.)
Unimproved: total: total: 0.6% of population (2022 est.)
Unimproved: urban: urban: 0.3% of population (2022 est.)

Alcohol Consumption Per Capita

Beer: 2.85 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
Wine: 2.72 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
Total: 9.59 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
Spirits: 4.02 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
Other alcohols: 0 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)

Major urban areas population: 269,000 NICOSIA (capital) (2018)
Obesity adult prevalence rate: 21.8% (2016)
Mother's mean age at first birth: 30 years (2020 est.)

School Life Expectancy (Primary to Tertiary Education)

Male: 16 years (2022 est.)
Total: 16 years (2022 est.)
Female: 17 years (2022 est.)

Government

Civica · structure

How power is organised

ExecutiveLegislative

Flag: description: a copper-colored silhouette of the island is centered on a white field above two crossed green olive branches

meaning: the olive branches symbolize hope for peace and reconciliation between the Greek and Turkish communities

Capital

Name: Nicosia (Lefkosia/Lefkosa)
Etymology: may have been named after Nike, the Greek goddess of victory; the Greek name for the city, Lefkosia, and the Turkish name, Lefkosa, both mean "White City"
Time difference: UTC+2 (7 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)
Daylight saving time: +1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October
Geographic coordinates: 35 10 N, 33 22 E

Suffrage: 18 years of age; universal

Citizenship

Citizenship BY birth: no
Citizenship BY descent only: at least one parent must be a citizen of Cyprus
Dual citizenship recognized: yes
Residency requirement for naturalization: 7 years

Constitution

Note: note: in 1963, the constitution was partly suspended as Turkish Cypriots withdrew from the government; Turkish-held territory in 1983 was declared the "Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus" ("TRNC"); in 1985, the "TRNC" approved its own constitution
History: ratified 16 August 1960
Amendment process: constitution of the Republic of Cyprus -- proposed by the House of Representatives; passage requires at least two-thirds majority vote of the total membership of the "Greek Community" and the "Turkish Community"; however, all seats of Turkish Cypriot members have remained vacant since 1964

constitution of the “Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus” -- proposed by at least 10 members of the "Assembly of the Republic"; passage requires at least two-thirds majority vote of the total Assembly membership and approval by referendum

Country Name

Note: note: the Turkish Cypriot community, which administers the northern part of the island, refers to itself as the "Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus" or "TRNC" ("Kuzey Kibris Turk Cumhuriyeti" or "KKTC")
Etymology: the Greek name for the island is Kupros, which is probably derived from the Sumerian kabar, meaning "copper" or "bronze;" copper mines were located on the island in antiquity
Local long form: Kypriaki Dimokratia (Greek)/ Kibris Cumhuriyeti (Turkish)
Local short form: Kypros (Greek)/ Kibris (Turkish)
Conventional long form: Republic of Cyprus
Conventional short form: Cyprus

Independence: 16 August 1960 (from the UK)
Legal system: mixed system of English common law and civil law, with European law supremacy
Government type: Republic of Cyprus - presidential republic; self-declared "Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus" (TRNC) - parliamentary republic with enhanced presidency

Judicial Branch

Note: note: the highest court in the TRNC is the Supreme Court (consists of 8 judges, including the court president)
Highest court(s): Supreme Court of Cyprus (consists of 13 judges, including the court president)
Subordinate courts: Republic of Cyprus district courts; Assize Courts; Administrative Court; specialized courts for issues relating to family, industrial disputes, the military, and rent control; "TRNC Assize Courts"; "TNRC district and family courts"
Judge selection and term of office: Republic of Cyprus Supreme Court judges appointed by the president of the republic on the recommendation of the Supreme Court judges; judges can serve until age 68; "TRNC Supreme Court" judges appointed by the "Supreme Council of Judicature," a 12-member body of judges, the attorney general, appointees by the president of the "TRNC," and by the "Legislative Assembly," and members elected by the bar association; judge tenure NA

Executive Branch

Note: note 1: vice presidency reserved for a Turkish Cypriot, but the post has been vacant since 1974 because Turkish Cypriots do not participate in the Republic of Cyprus Government

note 2: under the 1960 constitution, 3 ministerial posts are reserved for Turkish Cypriots, appointed by the vice president, but Greek Cypriots currently hold the positions
Cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the president
Chief of state: President Nikos CHRISTODOULIDIS (since 28 February 2023)
Election results: 2023: Nikos CHRISTODOULIDIS elected president in second round; percent of vote in first round - Nikos CHRISTODOULIDIS (independent) 32%, Andreas MAVROGIANNIS (independent) 29.6%, Averof NEOFYTOU (DISY) 26.1%, Christos CHRISTOU (ELAM) 6%, other 6.3%; percent of vote in second round - Nikos CHRISTODOULIDS 52%, Andreas MAVROGIANNIS 48%

2018: Nikos ANASTASIADIS reelected president in second round; percent of vote in first round - Nikos ANASTASIADIS (DISY) 35.5%, Stavros MALAS (AKEL) 30.2%, Nicolas PAPADOPOULOS (DIKO) 25.7%, other 8.6%; percent of vote in second round - Nikos ANASTASIADIS 56%, Stavros MALAS 44%
Head of government: President Nikos CHRISTODOULIDIS (since 28 February 2023)
Most recent election date: 5 February 2023, with a runoff on 12 February 2023 
Election/appointment process: president directly elected by absolute-majority popular vote in 2 rounds, if needed, for a 5-year term (limited to 2 consecutive terms)
Expected date of next election: 2028

National holiday: Independence Day, 1 October (1960)
National color(s): blue, white

National Heritage

Total world heritage sites: 3 (all cultural)
Selected world heritage site locales: Paphos; Painted Churches in the Troodos Region; Choirokoitia

Political parties: area under government control:
Democratic Front or DIPA
Democratic Party or DIKO
Democratic Rally or DISY
Movement of Ecologists - Citizens' Alliance
Movement of Social Democrats EDEK
National Popular Front or ELAM
Progressive Party of the Working People or AKEL (Communist Party)
Solidarity Movement

area administered by Turkish Cypriots:
Communal Democracy Party or TDP
Communal Liberation Party - New Forces or TKP-YG
Cyprus Socialist Party or KSP
Democratic Party or DP
National Democratic Party or NDP
National Unity Party or UBP
New Cyprus Party or YKP
People's Party or HP
Rebirth Party or YDP
Republican Turkish Party or CTP
United Cyprus Party or BKP

Legislative Branch

Note: note: the area of Cyprus that Turkish Cypriots administer has a separate unicameral Assembly of the Republic, or Cumhuriyet Meclisi (50 seats); members are directly elected in multi-seat constituencies by proportional representation vote
Term in office: 5 years
Number of seats: 80 (all directly elected)
Electoral system: proportional representation
Legislature name: House of Representatives (Vouli Antiprosopon)
Scope of elections: full renewal
Legislative structure: unicameral
Most recent election date: 5/30/2021
Expected date of next election: May 2026
Percentage of women in chamber: 14.3%
Parties elected and seats per party: Democratic Rally (DISY) (17); Progressive Party of the Working People (AKEL) (15); Democratic Party (DIKO) (9); National Popular Front (ELAM) (4); Movement of Social Democrats (EDEK) (4); Democratic Alignment (DIPA) (4); Cyprus Green Party (KOP) (3)

National Anthem(s)

Title: "Ymnos eis tin Eleftherian" (Hymn to Freedom)
History: adopted 1966; Cyprus uses the Greek national anthem; the Turkish Cypriot community in Cyprus uses Turkey's national anthem
Lyrics/music: Dionysios SOLOMOS/Nikolaos MANTZAROS

National symbol(s): Cypriot mouflon (wild sheep), white dove
National coat of arms: The coat of arms of Cyprus features a yellow shield representing the island’s copper deposits. A dove, one of the national symbols, holds an olive branch symbolizing peace, and olive branches encircle the shield. The year 1960 on the shield is the date of Cyprus’s independence from the United Kingdom.
Administrative divisions: 6 districts; Ammochostos (Famagusta; all but a small part located in the Turkish Cypriot community), Keryneia (Kyrenia; the only district located entirely in the Turkish Cypriot community), Larnaka (Larnaca; with a small part located in the Turkish Cypriot community), Lefkosia (Nicosia; a small part administered by Turkish Cypriots), Lemesos (Limassol), Pafos (Paphos)

Diplomatic Representation in the US

Fax: [1] (202) 483-6710
Chancery: 2211 R Street NW, Washington, DC 20008
Telephone: [1] (202) 462-5772
Chief of mission: Ambassador Evangelos SAVVA (since 15 September 2023)
Consulate(s) general: New York
Honorary consulate(s): Atlanta, Chicago, Houston, Kirkland (WA), Los Angeles, New Orleans, San Francisco
Email address and website: info@cyprusembassy.net

https://www.cyprusembassy.net/

Diplomatic Representation from the US

Fax: [357] (22) 780944
Embassy: Metochiou and Ploutarchou Street, 2407, Engomi, Nicosia
Telephone: [357] (22) 393939
Mailing address: 5450 Nicosia Place, Washington DC  20521-5450
Chief of mission: Ambassador Julie Davis FISHER (since 21 February 2023); note - Ambassador FISHER is temporarily assigned to the U.S. Embassy in Kyiv, Ukraine as Chargé d’ Affaires ad interim; she remains fully accredited in Cyprus
Email address and website: ACSNicosia@state.gov

https://cy.usembassy.gov/

International organisations: Australia Group, C, CD, CE, EBRD, ECB, EIB, EMU, EU, FAO, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, NAM, NSG, OAS (observer), OIF, OPCW, OSCE, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNIFIL, UNOOSA, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO
International law organization participation: accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction with reservations; accepts ICCt jurisdiction

Legislature

CYPRUS · LEGISLATURE

House of Representatives

80 seats · hover a seat for the party

Total seats

Majority line

Largest party

Democratic Rally

Parties

All political parties9 parties · 80 seats · click to dim in hemicycle

Leaders

Current

NC
Nicos Christodoulides
- Head of StateSince 2023
NA
Nikos Anastasiades
- Head of GovernmentDate unknown

Economy

Budget

Note: note: central government revenues (excluding grants) and expenditures converted to US dollars at average official exchange rate for year indicated
Revenues: $14.39 billion (2023 est.)
Expenditures: $13.733 billion (2023 est.)

Exports

Civica canonical (reconciled): $36.5B

Note: note: balance of payments - exports of goods and services in current dollars
Exports 2022: $32.563 billion (2022 est.)
Exports 2023: $32.922 billion (2023 est.)
Exports 2024: $35.12 billion (2024 est.)

Imports

Civica canonical (reconciled): $35.1B

Note: note: balance of payments - imports of goods and services in current dollars
Imports 2022: $31.486 billion (2022 est.)
Imports 2023: $32.556 billion (2023 est.)
Imports 2024: $33.802 billion (2024 est.)

Industries: tourism, food and beverage processing, cement and gypsum, ship repair and refurbishment, textiles, light chemicals, metal products, wood, paper, stone and clay products
Labor force: 772,300 (2024 est.)

Public Debt

Civica canonical (reconciled): 55.0%

Note: note: data cover general government debt and include debt instruments issued (or owned) by government entities other than the treasury; the data include treasury debt held by foreign entities; the data exclude debt issued by subnational entities, as well as intragovernmental debt; intragovernmental debt consists of treasury borrowings from surpluses in the social funds, such as for retirement, medical care, and unemployment
Public debt 2017: 97.5% of GDP (2017 est.)

Remittances

Note: note: personal transfers and compensation between resident and non-resident individuals/households/entities
Remittances 2021: 2.1% of GDP (2021 est.)
Remittances 2022: 1.7% of GDP (2022 est.)
Remittances 2023: 1.8% of GDP (2023 est.)

Exchange Rates

Currency: euros (EUR) per US dollar -
Exchange rates 2020: 0.876 (2020 est.)
Exchange rates 2021: 0.845 (2021 est.)
Exchange rates 2022: 0.95 (2022 est.)
Exchange rates 2023: 0.925 (2023 est.)
Exchange rates 2024: 0.924 (2024 est.)

Economic overview: services-based, high-income EU island economy; heavy tourism; sustained growth between recovery of national banking system and COVID-19 trade restrictions; high living standards; a known financial hub, its stock exchange functions as an investment bridge between EU-and EEU-member countries

Unemployment Rate

Civica canonical (reconciled): 4.9%

Note: note: % of labor force seeking employment
Unemployment rate 2022: 6.9% (2022 est.)
Unemployment rate 2023: 6.1% (2023 est.)
Unemployment rate 2024: 5.7% (2024 est.)

Exports partners: Libya 14%, Greece 11%, Lebanon 8%, Bermuda 7%, Marshall Islands 5% (2023)
Imports partners: Greece 20%, UK 10%, Italy 7%, Turkey 6%, Spain 6% (2023)

Real GDP Per Capita

Civica canonical (reconciled): $63,007

Note: note: data in 2021 dollars
Real GDP per capita 2022: $51,600 (2022 est.)
Real GDP per capita 2023: $52,200 (2023 est.)
Real GDP per capita 2024: $53,300 (2024 est.)

Real GDP Growth Rate

Civica canonical (reconciled): 3.8%

Note: note: annual GDP % growth based on constant local currency
Real GDP growth rate 2022: 7.2% (2022 est.)
Real GDP growth rate 2023: 2.8% (2023 est.)
Real GDP growth rate 2024: 3.4% (2024 est.)

Agricultural products: milk, potatoes, sheep milk, pork, goat milk, wheat, chicken, olives, grapes, barley (2023)
Exports commodities: ships, refined petroleum, packaged medicine, cheese, scented mixtures (2023)
Imports commodities: refined petroleum, ships, cars, packaged medicine, coal tar oil (2023)

Current Account Balance

Civica canonical (reconciled): -$3.1B

Note: note: balance of payments - net trade and primary/secondary income in current dollars
Current account balance 2022: -$2.178 billion (2022 est.)
Current account balance 2023: -$3.831 billion (2023 est.)
Current account balance 2024: -$3.05 billion (2024 est.)

Taxes and other revenues: 24.1% (of GDP) (2023 est.)
GDP (official exchange rate): $36.333 billion (2024 est.)

GDP Composition, BY End Use

Note: note: figures may not total 100% due to rounding or gaps in data collection
Household consumption: 58.9% (2024 est.)
Government consumption: 18.6% (2024 est.)
Investment in inventories: -1.6% (2024 est.)
Investment in fixed capital: 20.5% (2024 est.)
Exports of goods and services: 96.7% (2024 est.)
Imports of goods and services: -93.1% (2024 est.)

Population below poverty line: 13.9% (2021 est.)

Inflation Rate (Consumer Prices)

Civica canonical (reconciled): 0.8%

Note: note: annual % change based on consumer prices
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2022: 8.4% (2022 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2023: 3.5% (2023 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2024: 1.8% (2024 est.)

Industrial production growth rate: 4.6% (2024 est.)

Real GDP (Purchasing Power Parity)

Civica canonical (reconciled): $50.055 billion (2024 est.)

Note: note: data in 2021 dollars
Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2022: $47.085 billion (2022 est.)
Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2023: $48.386 billion (2023 est.)
Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2024: $50.055 billion (2024 est.)

Youth Unemployment Rate (Ages 15 24)

Male: 17.4% (2024 est.)
Note: note: % of labor force ages 15-24 seeking employment
Total: 15.6% (2024 est.)
Female: 13.7% (2024 est.)

Reserves of Foreign Exchange and Gold

Note: note: holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2022: $1.671 billion (2022 est.)
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2023: $1.789 billion (2023 est.)
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2024: $2.088 billion (2024 est.)

GDP Composition, BY Sector of Origin

Note: note: figures may not total 100% due to non-allocated consumption not captured in sector-reported data
Industry: 10.3% (2024 est.)
Services: 76.9% (2024 est.)
Agriculture: 1.2% (2024 est.)

Note: note: % share of income accruing to lowest and highest 10% of population
Lowest 10%: 3.6% (2022 est.)
Highest 10%: 26.2% (2022 est.)

Gini Index Coefficient Distribution of Family Income

Note: note: index (0-100) of income distribution; higher values represent greater inequality
Gini index coefficient distribution of family income 2022: 31.5 (2022 est.)

Energy

Coal

Exports: 71.6 metric tons (2022 est.)
Imports: 22,000 metric tons (2023 est.)
Consumption: 46,000 metric tons (2023 est.)

Petroleum

Refined petroleum consumption: 45,000 bbl/day (2023 est.)

Electricity

Consumption: 5.197 billion kWh (2023 est.)
Installed generating capacity: 2.288 million kW (2023 est.)
Transmission/distribution losses: 146.11 million kWh (2023 est.)

Electricity Access

Electrification total population: 100% (2022 est.)

Energy Consumption Per Capita

Total energy consumption per capita 2023: 107.188 million Btu/person (2023 est.)

Electricity Generation Sources

Wind: 3.9% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)
Solar: 16% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)
Fossil fuels: 79.1% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)
Biomass and waste: 1% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)

Communications

Internet Users

Percent of population: 91% (2023 est.)

Broadcast media: mix of state and privately run TV and radio; the public broadcaster operates 2 TV channels and 4 radio stations; 6 private TV broadcasters, satellite and cable TV services (including from Greece and Turkey), and a number of private radio stations; in areas administered by Turkish Cypriots, there are 2 public TV stations, 4 public radio stations, 7 privately owned TV stations and 21 privately owned radio stations, 6 radio and 4 TV channels at local universities, 1 military radio station, and 1 radio station for civil defense cooperation, as well as relay stations from Turkey (2019)
Internet country code: .cy

Telephones Fixed Lines

Total subscriptions: 245,000 (2024 est.)
Subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 25 (2024 est.)

Telephones Mobile Cellular

Total subscriptions: 1.51 million (2024 est.)
Subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 156 (2024 est.)

Broadband Fixed Subscriptions

Total: 357,000 (2023 est.)
Subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 39 (2023 est.)

Transport

Ports

Large: 0
Small: 3
Medium: 0
Key ports: Dhekelia, Famagusta, Kyrenia, Larnaca, Limassol, Xeros
Very small: 3
Total ports: 6 (2024)
Ports with oil terminals: 4

Airports: 14 (2025)
Heliports: 68 (2025)

Merchant Marine

Total: 1,005 (2023)
BY type: bulk carrier 243, container ship 154, general cargo 211, oil tanker 47, other 350

Civil aircraft registration country code prefix: 5B

Environment

Climate: temperate; Mediterranean with hot, dry summers and cool winters

Geoparks

Global geoparks and regional networks: Troodos (2023)
Total global geoparks and regional networks: 1

Land Use

Other: 67.1% (2023 est.)
Forest: 18.6% (2023 est.)
Agricultural land: 14% (2023 est.)
Agricultural land: arable land: arable land: 10.6% (2023 est.)
Agricultural land: permanent crops: permanent crops: 3.1% (2023 est.)
Agricultural land: permanent pasture: permanent pasture: 0.2% (2023 est.)

Urbanization

Urban population: 67% of total population (2023)
Rate of urbanization: 0.76% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Waste and Recycling

Municipal solid waste generated annually: 769,500 tons (2024 est.)
Percent of municipal solid waste recycled: 17.6% (2022 est.)

Environmental issues: scarce water resources; salination; water pollution from sewage, industrial wastes, and pesticides; coastal degradation; erosion; loss of wildlife habitats from urbanization

Total Water Withdrawal

Municipal: 112 million cubic meters (2022)
Industrial: 17 million cubic meters (2022 est.)
Agricultural: 177 million cubic meters (2022)

Carbon Dioxide Emissions

Total emissions: 6.837 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
From coal and metallurgical coke: 100,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
From petroleum and other liquids: 6.737 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)

Particulate matter emissions: 14.5 micrograms per cubic meter (2019 est.)
Total renewable water resources: 780 million cubic meters (2022 est.)

International Environmental Agreements

Party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Heavy Metals, Air Pollution-Multi-effect Protocol, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution-Sulphur 94, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping-London Convention, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 2006, Wetlands, Whaling
Signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

Military & Security

Military note: established in 1964, the National Guard (EF) is responsible for ensuring Cyprus’s territorial integrity and sovereignty; its primary focus is Turkey, which invaded Cyprus in 1974 and maintains a large military presence in the unrecognized Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus; the majority of the force is deployed along the “Green Line” that separates the Greek Cypriots from the Turkish Cypriots; the EF also participates in some internal missions, such as providing assistance during natural disasters; Greece is its primary security partner and maintains a military presence on Cyprus; the EF has conducted training exercises with other militaries including France, Israel, and the US; since Cyprus joined the EU in 2004, the EF has actively participated in the EU’s Common Security and Defense Policy and has sent small numbers of personnel to some EU and missions; Cyprus is also part of the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe

the UN Peacekeeping Force in Cyprus (UNFICYP) has been deployed in Cyprus since 1964; its mandate includes supervising the de facto ceasefire that came into effect in August 1974 and maintaining a buffer zone between the lines of the Cypriot National Guard and of the Turkish and Turkish Cypriot forces; UNFICYP has about 1,100 personnel assigned (2025)

Military Expenditures

Civica canonical (reconciled): 1.6%

Military expenditures 2020: 1.8% of GDP (2020 est.)
Military expenditures 2021: 1.8% of GDP (2021 est.)
Military expenditures 2022: 1.8% of GDP (2022 est.)
Military expenditures 2023: 1.8% of GDP (2023 est.)
Military expenditures 2024: 1.7% of GDP (2024 est.)

Military and security forces: Cypriot National Guard (Ethniki Froura, EF): Army, Navy, Air Force (2025)
Military service age and obligation: all Cypriot men must complete 14 months of compulsory service upon reaching the age of 18; women may volunteer for 6 months of service at age 18; men and women may also enlist as contract soldiers up to age 42 (2025)
Military equipment inventories and acquisitions: the National Guard's inventory includes a mix of armaments from a variety of suppliers, including Brazil, Israel, Russia, several European countries, and the US (2025)
Military and security service personnel strengths: approximately 12-15,000 active Cypriot National Guard (2025)

Terrorism

Terrorist group(s): Islamic State of Iraq and ash-Sham (ISIS)

Transnational Issues

Refugees and Internally Displaced Persons

Idps: 244,944 (2024 est.)
Refugees: 73,303 (2024 est.)
Stateless persons: 130 (2024 est.)

Scores & Rankings

ScoreValueGlobal rankTrendAs of

Civica Index70.0 / 100as of 2024-Q447 / 1902024-Q4

V-Dem Liberal Democracy0.65as of 2024-Q437 / 1702024-Q4

Freedom House StatusFree (100/100)as of 2024-Q4—2024-Q4

Press Freedom (RSF)Partly free (50/100)as of 2024—2024

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Civica. (2026). Civica Atlas — Cyprus — vintage 2026-Q1: Cyprus factbook. Civica Atlas. Retrieved May 7, 2026, from https://civicaatlas.org/factbook/cyprus

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Sources: Eurostat, FAO FAOSTAT, ILO ILOSTAT, IMF (WEO), OECD.Stat, UN Statistics Division, UNDP HDR, UNESCO Institute for Statistics, V-Dem, WHO Global Health Observatory, World Bank, WTO Stats, CIA World Factbook, Wikidata

Cyprus

Area

Land Use

Elevation

Land Boundaries

Maritime Claims

Languages

Sex Ratio

Median Age

Population

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Tobacco Use

Urbanization

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Dependency Ratios

Health Expenditure

Drinking Water Source

Education Expenditure

Infant Mortality Rate

Life Expectancy at Birth

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Alcohol Consumption Per Capita

School Life Expectancy (Primary to Tertiary Education)

How power is organised

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Current

Nicos Christodoulides

Nikos Anastasiades

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Household Income or Consumption BY Percentage Share

Gini Index Coefficient Distribution of Family Income

Coal

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