Angola
Angola⌘K
Overview
- Background
- Bantu-speaking people settled in the area now called Angola in 6th century A.D.; by the 10th century various Bantu groups had established kingdoms, of which Kongo became the most powerful. From the late-14th to the mid-19th century, a Kingdom of Kongo stretched across central Africa from present-day northern Angola into the current Congo republics. It traded heavily with the Portuguese who, beginning in the 16th century, established coastal colonies and trading posts and introduced Christianity. Angola became a major hub of the transatlantic slave trade conducted by the Portuguese and other European powers -- often in collaboration with local kingdoms, including the Kongo. The Angola area is estimated to have lost as many as 4 million people as a result of the slave trade. The Kingdom of Kongo’s main rival was the Kingdom of Ndongo to its south, whose most famous leader was Nzingha Mbande, the 17th century diplomat to the Portuguese and later Queen, who successfully fought off Portuguese encroachment during her nearly 40-year reign. Smaller kingdoms, such as the Matamba and Ngoyo, often came under the control of the Kongo or Ndongo Kingdoms. During the Berlin Conference of 1884-85, Portugal and other European powers set Angola’s modern borders, but the Portuguese did not fully control large portions of the territory. Portugal gained control of the Kingdom of Kongo in 1888 when Kongo’s King Pedro V sought Portuguese military assistance in exchange for becoming a vassal. After a revolt in 1914, Portugal imposed direct rule over the colony and abolished the Kongo Kingdom.
The Angolan National Revolution began in 1961, and in 1975, Angola won its independence when Portugal’s dictatorship fell, a collapse that occurred in part because of growing discontent over conflict in Angola and other colonies. Angola’s multiple independence movements soon clashed, with the Popular Movement for Liberation of Angola (MPLA), led by Agostinho NETO, taking power and the National Union for the Total Independence of Angola (UNITA), led by Jonas SAVIMBI, emerging as its main competitor. After NETO’s death in 1979, Jose Eduardo DOS SANTOS, also of the MPLA, became president. Over time, the Angolan civil war escalated and became a major Cold War conflict, with the Soviet Union and Cuba supporting the MPLA and the US and South Africa supporting UNITA. Up to 1.5 million lives may have been lost -- and 4 million people displaced -- during the more than a quarter-century of fighting. SAVIMBI's death in 2002 ended UNITA's insurgency and cemented the MPLA's hold on power. DOS SANTOS did not seek reelection in 2017 and supported Joao LOURENCO’s successful bid to become president. LOURENCO was reelected in 2022. Angola scores low on human development indexes despite using its large oil reserves to rebuild since 2002.
Geography
Area
- Land
- 1,246,700 sq km
- Water
- 0 sq km
- Total
- 1,246,700 sq km
- Climate
- semiarid in south and along coast to Luanda; north has cool, dry season (May to October) and hot, rainy season (November to April)
- Terrain
- narrow coastal plain rises abruptly to vast interior plateau
Land Use
- Other
- 11.5% (2023 est.)
- Forest
- 51.6% (2023 est.)
- Agricultural land
- 36.9% (2023 est.)
- Agricultural land: arable land
- arable land: 4.3% (2023 est.)
- Agricultural land: permanent crops
- permanent crops: 0.3% (2023 est.)
- Agricultural land: permanent pasture
- permanent pasture: 32.4% (2023 est.)
- Location
- Southern Africa, bordering the South Atlantic Ocean, between Namibia and Democratic Republic of the Congo
- Coastline
- 1,600 km
Elevation
- Lowest point
- Atlantic Ocean 0 m
- Highest point
- Moco 2,620 m
- Mean elevation
- 1,112 m
- Irrigated land
- 860 sq km (2014)
- Major aquifers
- Congo Basin, Upper Kalahari-Cuvelai-Upper Zambezi Basin
- Map references
- Africa
Land Boundaries
- Total
- 5,369 km
- Border countries
- Democratic Republic of the Congo 2,646 km (of which 225 km is the boundary of discontiguous Cabinda Province); Republic of the Congo 231 km; Namibia 1,427 km; Zambia 1,065 km
Maritime Claims
- Contiguous zone
- 24 nm
- Territorial sea
- 12 nm
- Exclusive economic zone
- 200 nm
- Natural hazards
- locally heavy rainfall causes periodic flooding on the plateau
- Geography note
- the province of Cabinda is an exclave, separated from the rest of the country by the Democratic Republic of the Congo
- Natural resources
- petroleum, diamonds, iron ore, phosphates, copper, feldspar, gold, bauxite, uranium
- Area comparative
- about eight times the size of Georgia; slightly less than twice the size of Texas
- Geographic coordinates
- 12 30 S, 18 30 E
- Population distribution
- most people live in the western half of the country; urban areas account for the highest concentrations of people, particularly the capital of Luanda
Major Watersheds (Area Sq Km)
- Indian ocean drainage
- Zambezi (1,332,412 sq km)
- Atlantic ocean drainage
- Congo (3,730,881 sq km)
- Internal (endorheic basin) drainage
- Okavango Basin (863,866 sq km)
- Major rivers (BY length in km)
- Rio Zambeze (Zambezi) (shared with Zambia [s], Namibia, Botswana, Zimbabwe, and Mozambique [m]) - 2,740 km; Rio Cubango (Okavango) river source (shared with Namibia and Botswana [m]) - 1,600 km
note: [s] after country name indicates river source; [m] after country name indicates river mouth
People & Society
Literacy
- Male
- 83.8% (2015 est.)
- Female
- 51.9% (2015 est.)
- Total population
- 66.2% (2015 est.)
- Languages
- Portuguese 71.2% (official), Umbundu 23%, Kikongo 8.2%, Kimbundu 7.8%, Chokwe 6.5%, Nhaneca 3.4%, Nganguela 3.1%, Fiote 2.4%, Kwanhama 2.3%, Muhumbi 2.1%, Luvale 1%, other 3.6% (2014 est.)
- Religions
- Roman Catholic 41.1%, Protestant 38.1%, other 8.6%, none 12.3% (2014 est.)
Sex Ratio
- At birth
- 1.03 male(s)/female
- 0 14 years
- 1.01 male(s)/female
- 15 64 years
- 0.93 male(s)/female
- Total population
- 0.96 male(s)/female (2024 est.)
- 65 years and over
- 0.72 male(s)/female
- Birth rate
- 39.75 births/1,000 population (2025 est.)
- Death rate
- 6.73 deaths/1,000 population (2025 est.)
Median Age
- Male
- 15.8 years
- Total
- 16.6 years (2025 est.)
- Female
- 16.8 years
Population
- Male
- 19,115,781
- Total
- 38,984,796 (2025 est.)
- Female
- 19,869,015
Nationality
- Noun
- Angolan(s)
- Adjective
- Angolan
Urbanization
- Urban population
- 68.7% of total population (2023)
- Rate of urbanization
- 4.04% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
Age Structure
- 0 14 years
- 46.9% (male 8,752,419/female 8,701,422)
- 15 64 years
- 50.7% (male 9,076,080/female 9,795,035)
- 65 years and over
- 2.4% (2024 est.) (male 367,559/female 509,546)
- Ethnic groups
- Ovimbundu 37%, Kimbundu 25%, Bakongo 13%, Mestico (mixed European and native African) 2%, European 1%, other 22%
Child Marriage
- Men married BY age 18
- 6% (2016)
- Women married BY age 15
- 7.9% (2016)
- Women married BY age 18
- 30.3% (2016)
Dependency Ratios
- Total dependency ratio
- 95.1 (2025 est.)
- Youth dependency ratio
- 90 (2025 est.)
- Potential support ratio
- 19.6 (2025 est.)
- Elderly dependency ratio
- 5.1 (2025 est.)
- Physician density
- 0.24 physicians/1,000 population (2022)
Health Expenditure
- Health expenditure (as % of GDP)
- 3% of GDP (2021)
- Health expenditure (as % of national budget)
- 6.7% of national budget (2022 est.)
- Net migration rate
- 0.14 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2025 est.)
- Hospital bed density
- 0.8 beds/1,000 population (2019 est.)
- Total fertility rate
- 5.45 children born/woman (2025 est.)
Drinking Water Source
- Improved: rural
- rural: 27.8% of population (2022 est.)
- Improved: total
- total: 57.7% of population (2022 est.)
- Improved: urban
- urban: 71.7% of population (2022 est.)
- Unimproved: rural
- rural: 72.2% of population (2022 est.)
- Unimproved: total
- total: 42.3% of population (2022 est.)
- Unimproved: urban
- urban: 28.3% of population (2022 est.)
Education Expenditure
- Education expenditure (% GDP)
- 2.5% of GDP (2023 est.)
- Education expenditure (% national budget)
- 6.5% national budget (2025 est.)
Infant Mortality Rate
- Male
- 60.7 deaths/1,000 live births
- Total
- 46.1 deaths/1,000 live births (2025 est.)
- Female
- 50.3 deaths/1,000 live births
- Population growth rate
- 3.32% (2025 est.)
- Gross reproduction rate
- 2.68 (2025 est.)
- Population distribution
- most people live in the western half of the country; urban areas account for the highest concentrations of people, particularly the capital of Luanda
Life Expectancy at Birth
- Male
- 60.8 years
- Female
- 65.1 years
- Total population
- 62.9 years (2024 est.)
- Maternal mortality ratio
- 183 deaths/100,000 live births (2023 est.)
Sanitation Facility Access
- Improved: rural
- rural: 30.3% of population (2022 est.)
- Improved: total
- total: 73.5% of population (2022 est.)
- Improved: urban
- urban: 93.7% of population (2022 est.)
- Unimproved: rural
- rural: 69.7% of population (2022 est.)
- Unimproved: total
- total: 26.5% of population (2022 est.)
- Unimproved: urban
- urban: 6.3% of population (2022 est.)
Alcohol Consumption Per Capita
- Beer
- 3.78 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
- Wine
- 0.72 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
- Total
- 5.84 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
- Spirits
- 1.27 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
- Other alcohols
- 0.08 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
- Major urban areas population
- 9.292 million LUANDA (capital), 959,000 Lubango, 905,000 Cabinda, 809,000 Benguela, 783,000 Malanje (2023)
- Obesity adult prevalence rate
- 8.2% (2016)
- Mother's mean age at first birth
- 19.4 years (2015/16 est.)
- Currently married women (ages 15 49)
- 57.2% (2016 est.)
Government
Civica · structure
How power is organised
ExecutiveLegislative
- Flag
- description: two equal horizontal bands of red (top) and black with a centered yellow emblem of a five-pointed star inside half a cogwheel, crossed by a machete (in the style of a hammer and sickle)
meaning: red stands for liberty and black for the African continent; the emblem symbolizes workers and peasants
Capital
- Name
- Luanda
- Etymology
- the Portuguese named the city São Paulo da Assunção de Loanda (Saint Paul of the Assumption of Loanda); over time, it was shortened to "Luanda," which may derive from a Bantu word meaning "tax" or "duty," in reference to local people paying their dues to the king of the Congo
- Time difference
- UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)
- Daylight saving time
- does not observe daylight savings time
- Geographic coordinates
- 8 50 S, 13 13 E
- Suffrage
- 18 years of age; universal
Citizenship
- Citizenship BY birth
- no
- Citizenship BY descent only
- at least one parent must be a citizen of Angola
- Dual citizenship recognized
- no
- Residency requirement for naturalization
- 10 years
Constitution
- History
- previous 1975, 1992; latest passed by National Assembly 21 January 2010, adopted 5 February 2010
- Amendment process
- proposed by the president of the republic or supported by at least one third of the National Assembly membership; passage requires at least two-thirds majority vote of the Assembly subject to prior Constitutional Court review if requested by the president of the republic
Country Name
- Former
- People's Republic of Angola
- Etymology
- in the 15th century, Portuguese explorers derived the name from the title "N'gola," which was held by kings of the Ndongo
- Local long form
- Republica de Angola
- Local short form
- Angola
- Conventional long form
- Republic of Angola
- Conventional short form
- Angola
- Independence
- 11 November 1975 (from Portugal)
- Legal system
- civil legal system based on Portuguese civil law; no judicial review of legislation
- Government type
- presidential republic
Judicial Branch
- Highest court(s)
- Supreme Court or Tribunal Supremo (consists of the court president, vice president, and a minimum of 16 judges); Constitutional Court or Tribunal Constitucional (consists of 11 judges)
- Subordinate courts
- provincial and municipal courts
- Judge selection and term of office
- Supreme Court judges appointed by the president on recommendation of the Supreme Judicial Council, an 18-member body chaired by the president; judge tenure NA; Constitutional Court judges - 4 nominated by the president, 4 elected by National Assembly, 2 elected by Supreme National Council, 1 elected by competitive submission of curricula; judges serve single 7-year terms
Executive Branch
- Cabinet
- Council of Ministers appointed by the president
- Chief of state
- President Joao Manuel Goncalves LOURENCO (since 26 September 2017)
- Election results
- Joao Manuel Goncalves LOURENCO (MPLA) elected president by then winning party following the 24 August 2022 general election
- Head of government
- President Joao Manuel Goncalves LOURENCO (since 26 September 2017)
- Most recent election date
- 24 August 2022
- Election/appointment process
- the candidate of the winning party or coalition in the last legislative election becomes the president; president serves a 5-year term (eligible for a second consecutive or discontinuous term)
- Expected date of next election
- 2027
- National holiday
- Independence Day, 11 November (1975)
- National color(s)
- red, black, yellow
National Heritage
- Total world heritage sites
- 1 (cultural)
- Selected world heritage site locales
- Mbanza-Kongo
- Political parties
- Broad Convergence for the Salvation of Angola Electoral Coalition or CASA-CE
Humanist Party of Angola or PHI
National Front for the Liberation of Angola or FNLA; note - party has two factions
National Union for the Total Independence of Angola or UNITA (largest opposition party)
Popular Movement for the Liberation of Angola or MPLA; note- ruling party in power since 1975
Social Renewal Party or PRS
Legislative Branch
- Term in office
- 5 years
- Number of seats
- 220 (all directly elected)
- Electoral system
- proportional representation
- Legislature name
- National Assembly (Assembleia nacional)
- Scope of elections
- full renewal
- Legislative structure
- unicameral
- Most recent election date
- 8/24/2022
- Expected date of next election
- August 2027
- Percentage of women in chamber
- 39.1%
- Parties elected and seats per party
- Popular Movement for the Liberation of Angola (MPLA) (124); National Union for the Total Independence of Angola (UNITA) (90); Other (6)
National Anthem(s)
- Title
- "Angola Avante" (Forward Angola)
- History
- adopted 1975
- Lyrics/music
- Manuel Rui Alves MONTEIRO/Rui Alberto Vieira Dias MINGAO
- National symbol(s)
- giant black sable antelope (Palanca negra gigante)
- Administrative divisions
- 21 provinces (provincias, singular - provincia); Bengo, Benguela, Bie, Cabinda, Cuando, Cubango, Cuanza-Norte, Cuanza-Sul, Cunene, Huambo, Huila, Icolo e Bengo, Luanda, Lunda-Norte, Lunda-Sul, Malanje, Moxico, Moxico Leste, Namibe, Uige, Zaire
Diplomatic Representation in the US
- Fax
- [1] (202) 822-9049
- Chancery
- 2108 16th Street NW, Washington, DC 20009
- Telephone
- [1] (202) 785-1156
- Chief of mission
- Ambassador Agostinho de Carvalho dos Santos VAN-DÚNEM (since 30 June 2023)
- Consulate(s) general
- Houston, New York
- Email address and website
info@angola.org
https://angola.org/
Diplomatic Representation from the US
- Fax
- [244] (222) 64-1000
- Embassy
- Rua Houari Boumedienne, #32, Luanda
- Telephone
- [244] (222) 64-1000
- Mailing address
- 2550 Luanda Place, Washington, DC 20521-2550
- Chief of mission
- Ambassador (vacant); Chargé d’Affaires Shannon Nagy CAZEAU (since 2 October 2025)
- Email address and website
Consularluanda@state.gov
https://ao.usembassy.gov/
- International organisations
- ACP, AfDB, AU, CEMAC, CPLP, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO (correspondent), ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, NAM, OAS (observer), SADC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNMISS, Union Latina, UNOOSA, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO
- International law organization participation
- has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; non-party state to the ICCt
Legislature
ANGOLA · LEGISLATURE
National Assembly
220 seats · hover a seat for the party
Total seats
220
Majority line
111
Largest party
National Union for the Total Independence of Angola
Parties
2
All political parties
Leaders
Current
João Lourenço
- Head of State
- Head of Government
Economy
Budget
- Note
- note: central government revenues and expenses (excluding grants/extrabudgetary units/social security funds) converted to US dollars at average official exchange rate for year indicated
- Revenues
- $18.117 billion (2019 est.)
- Expenditures
- $13.871 billion (2019 est.)
Exports
- Civica canonical (reconciled)
- $31.8B
- Note
- note: balance of payments - exports of goods and services in current dollars
- Exports 2022
- $50.12 billion (2022 est.)
- Exports 2023
- $36.961 billion (2023 est.)
- Exports 2024
- $36.924 billion (2024 est.)
Imports
- Civica canonical (reconciled)
- $19.6B
- Note
- note: balance of payments - imports of goods and services in current dollars
- Imports 2022
- $28.564 billion (2022 est.)
- Imports 2023
- $23.688 billion (2023 est.)
- Imports 2024
- $22.683 billion (2024 est.)
- Industries
- petroleum; diamonds, iron ore, phosphates, feldspar, bauxite, uranium, and gold; cement; basic metal products; fish processing; food processing, brewing, tobacco products, sugar; textiles; ship repair
- Labor force
- 15.961 million (2024 est.)
Public Debt
- Civica canonical (reconciled)
- 75.3% of GDP (2016 est.)
- Public debt 2016
- 75.3% of GDP (2016 est.)
Remittances
- Note
- note: personal transfers and compensation between resident and non-resident individuals/households/entities
- Remittances 2022
- 0% of GDP (2022 est.)
- Remittances 2023
- 0% of GDP (2023 est.)
- Remittances 2024
- 0% of GDP (2024 est.)
Exchange Rates
- Currency
- kwanza (AOA) per US dollar -
- Exchange rates 2020
- 578.259 (2020 est.)
- Exchange rates 2021
- 631.442 (2021 est.)
- Exchange rates 2022
- 460.568 (2022 est.)
- Exchange rates 2023
- 685.02 (2023 est.)
- Exchange rates 2024
- 869.846 (2024 est.)
Debt External
- Note
- note: present value of external debt in current US dollars
- Debt external 2023
- $45.299 billion (2023 est.)
- Economic overview
- middle-income, oil-dependent African economy; widespread poverty; rising inflation and currency depreciation; seeking diversification through agricultural production; significant corruption in public institutions; major infrastructure investments from China and US; exited OPEC in 2023
Unemployment Rate
- Civica canonical (reconciled)
- 14.1%
- Note
- note: % of labor force seeking employment
- Unemployment rate 2022
- 14.7% (2022 est.)
- Unemployment rate 2023
- 14.6% (2023 est.)
- Unemployment rate 2024
- 14.5% (2024 est.)
- Exports partners
- China 40%, India 9%, UAE 6%, Spain 6%, Netherlands 5% (2023)
- Imports partners
- China 19%, Portugal 10%, UAE 7%, India 6%, USA 5% (2023)
Real GDP Per Capita
- Civica canonical (reconciled)
- $10,119
- Note
- note: data in 2021 dollars
- Real GDP per capita 2022
- $7,400 (2022 est.)
- Real GDP per capita 2023
- $7,300 (2023 est.)
- Real GDP per capita 2024
- $7,300 (2024 est.)
Real GDP Growth Rate
- Civica canonical (reconciled)
- 4.4%
- Note
- note: annual GDP % growth based on constant local currency
- Real GDP growth rate 2022
- 3% (2022 est.)
- Real GDP growth rate 2023
- 1.1% (2023 est.)
- Real GDP growth rate 2024
- 4.4% (2024 est.)
- Agricultural products
- cassava, bananas, maize, sweet potatoes, sugarcane, tomatoes, pineapples, onions, potatoes, citrus fruits (2023)
- Exports commodities
- crude petroleum, diamonds, natural gas, ships, refined petroleum (2023)
- Imports commodities
- refined petroleum, wheat, ships, cars, trucks (2023)
Current Account Balance
- Civica canonical (reconciled)
- $6.3B
- Note
- note: balance of payments - net trade and primary/secondary income in current dollars
- Current account balance 2022
- $11.763 billion (2022 est.)
- Current account balance 2023
- $4.185 billion (2023 est.)
- Current account balance 2024
- $6.31 billion (2024 est.)
- Taxes and other revenues
- 10.1% (of GDP) (2019 est.)
- GDP (official exchange rate)
- $80.397 billion (2024 est.)
GDP Composition, BY End Use
- Note
- note: figures may not total 100% due to rounding or gaps in data collection
- Household consumption
- 55.3% (2024 est.)
- Government consumption
- 6.3% (2024 est.)
- Investment in inventories
- 0% (2024 est.)
- Investment in fixed capital
- 25% (2024 est.)
- Exports of goods and services
- 37.9% (2024 est.)
- Imports of goods and services
- -24.4% (2024 est.)
- Population below poverty line
- 32.3% (2018 est.)
Average Household Expenditures
- On food
- 50% of household expenditures (2023 est.)
- On alcohol and tobacco
- 1.4% of household expenditures (2023 est.)
Inflation Rate (Consumer Prices)
- Civica canonical (reconciled)
- 28.2%
- Note
- note: annual % change based on consumer prices
- Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2022
- 21.4% (2022 est.)
- Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2023
- 13.6% (2023 est.)
- Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2024
- 28.2% (2024 est.)
- Industrial production growth rate
- 5% (2024 est.)
Real GDP (Purchasing Power Parity)
- Civica canonical (reconciled)
- $278.239 billion (2024 est.)
- Note
- note: data in 2021 dollars
- Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2022
- $263.61 billion (2022 est.)
- Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2023
- $266.452 billion (2023 est.)
- Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2024
- $278.239 billion (2024 est.)
Youth Unemployment Rate (Ages 15 24)
- Male
- 30.2% (2024 est.)
- Note
- note: % of labor force ages 15-24 seeking employment
- Total
- 27.9% (2024 est.)
- Female
- 25.7% (2024 est.)
Reserves of Foreign Exchange and Gold
- Note
- note: holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars
- Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2022
- $13.655 billion (2022 est.)
- Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2023
- $13.942 billion (2023 est.)
- Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2024
- $14.243 billion (2024 est.)
GDP Composition, BY Sector of Origin
- Note
- note: figures may not total 100% due to non-allocated consumption not captured in sector-reported data
- Industry
- 44.2% (2024 est.)
- Services
- 39.3% (2024 est.)
- Agriculture
- 16.4% (2024 est.)
Household Income or Consumption BY Percentage Share
- Note
- note: % share of income accruing to lowest and highest 10% of population
- Lowest 10%
- 1.3% (2018 est.)
- Highest 10%
- 39.6% (2018 est.)
Gini Index Coefficient Distribution of Family Income
- Note
- note: index (0-100) of income distribution; higher values represent greater inequality
- Gini index coefficient distribution of family income 2018
- 51.3 (2018 est.)
Energy
Coal
- Imports
- 3,000 metric tons (2023 est.)
Petroleum
- Total petroleum production
- 1.175 million bbl/day (2023 est.)
- Crude oil estimated reserves
- 7.783 billion barrels (2021 est.)
- Refined petroleum consumption
- 121,000 bbl/day (2023 est.)
Electricity
- Consumption
- 16.214 billion kWh (2023 est.)
- Installed generating capacity
- 7.6 million kW (2023 est.)
- Transmission/distribution losses
- 1.725 billion kWh (2023 est.)
Natural Gas
- Exports
- 4.928 billion cubic meters (2023 est.)
- Production
- 5.984 billion cubic meters (2023 est.)
- Consumption
- 1.244 billion cubic meters (2023 est.)
- Proven reserves
- 343.002 billion cubic meters (2021 est.)
Electricity Access
- Electrification rural areas
- 7.3% (2018 est.)
- Electrification urban areas
- 76.2%
- Electrification total population
- 48.5% (2022 est.)
Energy Consumption Per Capita
- Total energy consumption per capita 2023
- 9.146 million Btu/person (2023 est.)
Electricity Generation Sources
- Solar
- 2.2% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)
- Fossil fuels
- 23.6% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)
- Hydroelectricity
- 74% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)
- Biomass and waste
- 0.3% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)
Communications
Internet Users
- Percent of population
- 45% (2023 est.)
- Broadcast media
- state-owned media dominate; only four privately owned newspapers still exist in print form; state-run Radio Nacional de Angola (RNA) is the only outlet to offer programs in local languages such as Bantu; private stations operate in cities, including Catholic Radio Ecclesia, but RNA is the only radio broadcaster with near-national coverage (2023)
- Internet country code
- .ao
Telephones Fixed Lines
- Total subscriptions
- 80,300 (2024 est.)
- Subscriptions per 100 inhabitants
- (2024 est.) less than 1
Telephones Mobile Cellular
- Total subscriptions
- 26.4 million (2024 est.)
- Subscriptions per 100 inhabitants
- 70 (2024 est.)
Broadband Fixed Subscriptions
- Total
- 137,000 (2023 est.)
- Subscriptions per 100 inhabitants
- (2023 est.) less than 1
Transport
Ports
- Large
- 0
- Small
- 8
- Medium
- 0
- Key ports
- Cabinda, Estrela Oil Field, Lobito, Luanda, Malongo Oil Terminal, Namibe, Palanca Terminal, Takula Terminal
- Very small
- 13
- Total ports
- 21 (2024)
- Ports with oil terminals
- 17
- Airports
- 107 (2025)
Railways
- Note
- 123 km 0.600-mm gauge
- Total
- 2,761 km (2022)
- Narrow gauge
- 2,638 km (2022) 1.067-m gauge
- Heliports
- 2 (2025)
Merchant Marine
- Total
- 64 (2023)
- BY type
- general cargo 13, oil tanker 8, other 43
- Civil aircraft registration country code prefix
- D2
Environment
- Climate
- semiarid in south and along coast to Luanda; north has cool, dry season (May to October) and hot, rainy season (November to April)
Land Use
- Other
- 11.5% (2023 est.)
- Forest
- 51.6% (2023 est.)
- Agricultural land
- 36.9% (2023 est.)
- Agricultural land: arable land
- arable land: 4.3% (2023 est.)
- Agricultural land: permanent crops
- permanent crops: 0.3% (2023 est.)
- Agricultural land: permanent pasture
- permanent pasture: 32.4% (2023 est.)
Urbanization
- Urban population
- 68.7% of total population (2023)
- Rate of urbanization
- 4.04% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
Methane Emissions
- Other
- 78.5 kt (2019-2021 est.)
- Waste
- 123 kt (2019-2021 est.)
- Energy
- 1,009.1 kt (2022-2024 est.)
- Agriculture
- 374.5 kt (2019-2021 est.)
Waste and Recycling
- Municipal solid waste generated annually
- 4.214 million tons (2024 est.)
- Percent of municipal solid waste recycled
- 19% (2022 est.)
- Environmental issues
- overuse of pastures and subsequent soil erosion; desertification; deforestation of tropical rainforest from international demand for timber and domestic use as fuel; loss of biodiversity; soil erosion contributing to water pollution and siltation of rivers and dams; inadequate supplies of potable water
Total Water Withdrawal
- Municipal
- 319.5 million cubic meters (2022 est.)
- Industrial
- 239.6 million cubic meters (2022 est.)
- Agricultural
- 146.7 million cubic meters (2022 est.)
Carbon Dioxide Emissions
- Total emissions
- 19.66 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
- From consumed natural gas
- 2.441 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
- From coal and metallurgical coke
- 9,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
- From petroleum and other liquids
- 17.21 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
- Particulate matter emissions
- 27.2 micrograms per cubic meter (2019 est.)
- Total renewable water resources
- 148.4 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)
International Environmental Agreements
- Party to
- Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping-London Protocol, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution
- Signed, but not ratified
- none of the selected agreements
Military & Security
- Military note
- the Angolan Armed Forces were created in 1991 under the Bicesse Accords signed between the Angolan Government and the National Union for the Total Independence of Angola (UNITA); the current force is responsible for country’s external defense but also has some domestic security responsibilities, such as border protection; it participates in multinational exercises, as well as regional peacekeeping operations, including the deployment of several hundred troops to the Democratic Republic of the Congo in 2023; in recent years, the military has placed additional emphasis on maritime security and protecting offshore resources (2025)
Military Expenditures
- Civica canonical (reconciled)
- 1.0%
- Military expenditures 2020
- 1.5% of GDP (2020 est.)
- Military expenditures 2021
- 1.4% of GDP (2021 est.)
- Military expenditures 2022
- 1.2% of GDP (2022 est.)
- Military expenditures 2023
- 1.2% of GDP (2023 est.)
- Military expenditures 2024
- 1% of GDP (2024 est.)
- Military and security forces
- Angolan Armed Forces (Forcas Armadas Angolanas, FAA): Army, Navy (Marinha de Guerra Angola, MGA), Angolan National Air Force (Forca Aerea Nacional Angolana, FANA)
Ministry of Interior: National Police, Border Guard Police (2025) - Military service age and obligation
- 20-45 years of age for compulsory and 18-45 years for voluntary military service for men; 20-45 years of age for voluntary service for women; 24-month conscript service obligation; the Navy is entirely staffed with volunteers (2025)
- Military equipment inventories and acquisitions
- most Angolan military weapons and equipment are of Russian or Soviet-era origin; there are smaller quantities of items originating from such suppliers as China, Brazil, Israel, Italy, South Africa, and the UAE (2025)
- Military and security service personnel strengths
- approximately 100,000 active duty Armed Forces (2025)
Space
- Space agency/agencies
- National Space Program Office (Gabinete de Gestão do Programa Espacial Nacional, GGPEN; established 2013) (2025)
- Space program overview
- has a national space strategy with a focus on capacity-building, developing space infrastructure, investing in domestic space sector, supporting socioeconomic growth, and establishing cooperation agreements with foreign technical and scientific institutions in the space industry; contracts with foreign companies to build and launch satellites; operates satellites; cooperates with a variety of foreign space agencies and industries, including those of France, Portugal, Russia, the US, and other African countries; member of the African Space Agency (2025)
- Key space program milestones
- 2017 - first communications satellite (AngoSat-1) built, launched, and operated by Russia (satellite failed in 2018)
2022 - second communications satellite (AngoSat-2) with French-built payload, integrated and launched by Russia
2023 - signed US-led Artemis Accords outlining best practices for space exploration
2024 - inaugurated a national maritime coordination and surveillance center and country's first satellite mission control center
2025 - signed financial agreement with France for construction of country’s first high-resolution remote sensing satellite (ANGEO-1)
Transnational Issues
Refugees and Internally Displaced Persons
- Idps
- 75,308 (2024 est.)
- Refugees
- 55,542 (2024 est.)
Scores & Rankings
ScoreValueGlobal rankTrendAs of
Civica Index25.0 / 100as of 2024-Q4147 / 1902024-Q4
V-Dem Liberal Democracy0.16as of 2024-Q4117 / 1702024-Q4
Freedom House StatusNot Free (25/100)as of 2024-Q4—2024-Q4
Press Freedom (RSF)Restricted press (37/100)as of 2024—2024
Cite this page
Cite this page
Civica. (2026). Civica Atlas — Angola — vintage 2026-Q1: Angola factbook. Civica Atlas. Retrieved May 7, 2026, from https://civicaatlas.org/factbook/angola
Sources: FAO FAOSTAT, ILO ILOSTAT, IMF (WEO), UN Statistics Division, UNDP HDR, UNESCO Institute for Statistics, V-Dem, WHO Global Health Observatory, World Bank, WTO Stats, CIA World Factbook, Wikidata