Algeria

Presidential RepublicPop47.7MGDP (PPP)$722.9BCI26Beta CP0.0→Beta

Algeria

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Overview

Background: Algeria has known many empires and dynasties, including the ancient Numidians (3rd century B.C.), Phoenicians, Carthaginians, Romans, Vandals, Byzantines, over a dozen different Arab and Amazigh dynasties, Spaniards, and Ottoman Turks. Under the Turks, the Barbary pirates operated from North Africa and preyed on shipping, from about 1500 until the French captured Algiers in 1830. The French southward conquest of Algeria proceeded throughout the 19th century and was marked by many atrocities. A bloody eight-year struggle culminated in Algerian independence in 1962.

Algeria's long-dominant political party, the National Liberation Front (FLN), was established in 1954 as part of the struggle for independence and has since played a large role in politics, though it is falling out of favor with the youth and current President Abdelmadjid TEBBOUNE. The Government of Algeria in 1988 instituted a multi-party system in response to public unrest, but the surprising first-round success of the Islamic Salvation Front (FIS) in the 1991 legislative election led the Algerian military to intervene and postpone the second round of elections to prevent what the secular elite feared would be an extremist-led government from assuming power. An army crackdown on the FIS escalated into an FIS insurgency and intense violence from 1992-98 that resulted in over 100,000 deaths, many of which were attributed to extremist groups massacring villagers. The government gained the upper hand by the late 1990s, and FIS’s armed wing, the Islamic Salvation Army, disbanded in 2000. FIS membership is now illegal.
In 1999, Abdelaziz BOUTEFLIKA won the presidency with the backing of the military, in an election that was boycotted by several candidates protesting alleged fraud. He won subsequent elections in 2004, 2009, and 2014. Widespread protests against his decision to seek a fifth term broke out in early 2019. BOUTEFLIKA resigned in April 2019, and in December 2019, Algerians elected former Prime Minister Abdelmadjid TEBBOUNE as the country’s new president. A longtime FLN member, TEBBOUNE ran for president as an independent. In 2020, Algeria held a constitutional referendum on governmental reforms, which TEBBOUNE enacted in 2021. Subsequent reforms to the national electoral law introduced open-list voting to curb corruption. The new law also eliminated gender quotas in Parliament, and the 2021 legislative elections saw female representation plummet. The referendum, parliamentary elections, and local elections saw record-low voter turnout.

Geography

Area

Land: 2,381,740 sq km
Water: 0 sq km
Total: 2,381,740 sq km

Climate: arid to semiarid; mild, wet winters with hot, dry summers along coast; drier with cold winters and hot summers on high plateau; sirocco is a hot, dust/sand-laden wind especially common in summer
Terrain: mostly high plateau and desert; Atlas Mountains in the far north and Hoggar Mountains in the south; narrow, discontinuous coastal plain

Land Use

Other: 81.9% (2023 est.)
Forest: 0.7% (2023 est.)
Agricultural land: 17.4% (2023 est.)
Agricultural land: arable land: arable land: 3.2% (2023 est.)
Agricultural land: permanent crops: permanent crops: 0.4% (2023 est.)
Agricultural land: permanent pasture: permanent pasture: 13.8% (2023 est.)

Location: Northern Africa, bordering the Mediterranean Sea, between Morocco and Tunisia
Coastline: 998 km

Elevation

Lowest point: Chott Melrhir -40 m
Highest point: Tahat 2,908 m
Mean elevation: 800 m

Irrigated land: 13,819 sq km (2019)
Major aquifers: Lullemeden-Irhazer Aquifer System, Murzuk-Djado Basin, North Western Sahara Aquifer, Taoudeni-Tanezrouft Basin
Map references: Africa

Land Boundaries

Total: 6,734 km
Border countries: Libya 989 km; Mali 1,359 km; Mauritania 460 km; Morocco 1,941 km; Niger 951 km; Tunisia 1,034 km

Maritime Claims

Contiguous zone: 24 nm
Territorial sea: 12 nm
Exclusive fishing zone: 32-52 nm

Natural hazards: mountainous areas subject to severe earthquakes; mudslides and floods in rainy season; droughts
Geography note: largest country in Africa but 80% desert; canyons and caves in the southern Hoggar Mountains and in the barren Tassili n'Ajjer area in the southeast of the country contain numerous examples of prehistoric art -- rock paintings and carvings depicting human activities and wild and domestic animals (elephants, giraffes, cattle) -- that date to the African Humid Period, roughly 5,000 to 11,000 years ago, when the region was completely vegetated
Natural resources: petroleum, natural gas, iron ore, phosphates, uranium, lead, zinc
Area comparative: slightly less than 3.5 times the size of Texas
Geographic coordinates: 28 00 N, 3 00 E
Population distribution: the vast majority of the populace is found in the extreme northern part of the country along the Mediterranean Coast

Major Watersheds (Area Sq Km)

Atlantic ocean drainage: Niger (2,261,741 sq km)
Internal (endorheic basin) drainage: Lake Chad (2,497,738 sq km)

People & Society

Literacy

Female: 74.2% (2019 est.)

Languages

Languages: Arabic (official), French (lingua franca), Tamazight (official) (dialects include Kabyle (Taqbaylit), Shawiya (Tacawit), Mzab, Tuareg (Tamahaq))
Major language sample(s): كتاب حقائق العالم، المصدر الذي لا يمكن الاستغناء عنه للمعلومات الأساسية (Arabic)

The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.

Religions: Muslim (official; predominantly Sunni) 99%, other (includes Christian, Jewish, Ahmadi Muslim, Shia Muslim, Ibadi Muslim) <1% (2012 est.)

Sex Ratio

At birth: 1.05 male(s)/female
0 14 years: 1.05 male(s)/female
15 64 years: 1.03 male(s)/female
Total population: 1.03 male(s)/female (2024 est.)
65 years and over: 0.96 male(s)/female

Birth rate: 19.62 births/1,000 population (2025 est.)
Death rate: 4.39 deaths/1,000 population (2025 est.)

Median Age

Male: 28.8 years
Total: 29.3 years (2025 est.)
Female: 29.4 years

Population

Male: 24,219,668
Total: 47,735,685 (2025 est.)
Female: 23,516,017

Nationality

Noun: Algerian(s)
Adjective: Algerian

Tobacco Use

Male: 41.6% (2025 est.)
Total: 21.4% (2025 est.)
Female: 0.6% (2025 est.)

Urbanization

Urban population: 75.3% of total population (2023)
Rate of urbanization: 1.99% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Age Structure

0 14 years: 30.8% (male 7,411,337/female 7,062,794)
15 64 years: 62.3% (male 14,846,102/female 14,441,034)
65 years and over: 6.9% (2024 est.) (male 1,597,382/female 1,663,824)

Ethnic groups: Arab-Amazigh 99%, European less than 1%

Child Marriage

Women married BY age 15: 0% (2019)
Women married BY age 18: 3.8% (2019)

Dependency Ratios

Total dependency ratio: 60.5 (2025 est.)
Youth dependency ratio: 48.9 (2025 est.)
Potential support ratio: 8.7 (2025 est.)
Elderly dependency ratio: 11.5 (2025 est.)

Physician density: 1.66 physicians/1,000 population (2022)

Health Expenditure

Health expenditure (as % of GDP): 5.5% of GDP (2021)
Health expenditure (as % of national budget): 5.4% of national budget (2022 est.)

Net migration rate: -0.52 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2025 est.)
Hospital bed density: 1.6 beds/1,000 population (2017 est.)
Total fertility rate: 2.91 children born/woman (2025 est.)

Drinking Water Source

Improved: rural: rural: 90.4% of population (2022 est.)
Improved: total: total: 94.7% of population (2022 est.)
Improved: urban: urban: 96.1% of population (2022 est.)
Unimproved: rural: rural: 9.6% of population (2022 est.)
Unimproved: total: total: 5.3% of population (2022 est.)
Unimproved: urban: urban: 3.9% of population (2022 est.)

Education Expenditure

Education expenditure (% GDP): 5.6% of GDP (2023 est.)
Education expenditure (% national budget): 15.5% national budget (2025 est.)

Infant Mortality Rate

Male: 19.8 deaths/1,000 live births
Total: 18.6 deaths/1,000 live births (2025 est.)
Female: 17.5 deaths/1,000 live births

Population growth rate: 1.47% (2025 est.)
Gross reproduction rate: 1.42 (2025 est.)
Population distribution: the vast majority of the populace is found in the extreme northern part of the country along the Mediterranean Coast

Life Expectancy at Birth

Male: 77.2 years
Female: 78.7 years
Total population: 77.9 years (2024 est.)

Maternal mortality ratio: 62 deaths/100,000 live births (2023 est.)

Sanitation Facility Access

Improved: rural: rural: 91.7% of population (2022 est.)
Improved: total: total: 96.6% of population (2022 est.)
Improved: urban: urban: 98.3% of population (2022 est.)
Unimproved: rural: rural: 8.3% of population (2022 est.)
Unimproved: total: total: 3.4% of population (2022 est.)
Unimproved: urban: urban: 1.7% of population (2022 est.)

Alcohol Consumption Per Capita

Beer: 0.31 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
Wine: 0.2 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
Total: 0.59 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
Spirits: 0.08 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
Other alcohols: 0 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)

Major urban areas population: 2.902 million ALGIERS (capital), 936,000 Oran (2022)
Obesity adult prevalence rate: 27.4% (2016)
Currently married women (ages 15 49): 55.5% (2019 est.)
Children under the age of 5 years underweight: 2.7% (2019 est.)

School Life Expectancy (Primary to Tertiary Education)

Male: 15 years (2023 est.)
Total: 15 years (2023 est.)
Female: 16 years (2023 est.)

Government

Civica · structure

How power is organised

ExecutiveLegislative

Flag: description: two equal vertical bands of green (left) and white; a red, five-pointed star inside a red crescent, centered over the two-color boundary

meaning: the colors represent Islam (green), purity and peace (white), and liberty (red); the crescent and star are also Islamic symbols, but the crescent is more closed than those of other Muslim countries because Algerians believe the long crescent horns bring happiness

Capital

Name: Algiers
Etymology: name derives from the Arabic al-jazair, meaning "the islands," and refers to the four islands formerly off the coast of the capital but joined to the mainland since 1525
Time difference: UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)
Geographic coordinates: 36 45 N, 3 03 E

Suffrage: 18 years of age; universal

Citizenship

Citizenship BY birth: no
Citizenship BY descent only: the mother must be a citizen of Algeria
Dual citizenship recognized: no
Residency requirement for naturalization: 7 years

Constitution

History: several previous; latest approved by referendum 1 November 2020
Amendment process: proposed by the president of the republic or through the president with the support of three fourths of the members of both houses of Parliament in joint session; passage requires approval by both houses, approval by referendum, and promulgation by the president; the president can forego a referendum if the Constitutional Council determines the proposed amendment does not conflict with basic constitutional principles; articles including the republican form of government, the integrity and unity of the country, and fundamental citizens’ liberties and rights cannot be amended

Country Name

Etymology: the country name derives from the capital city of Algiers
Local long form: Al Jumhuriyah al Jaza'iriyah ad Dimuqratiyah ash Sha'biyah
Local short form: Al Jaza'ir
Conventional long form: People's Democratic Republic of Algeria
Conventional short form: Algeria

Independence: 5 July 1962 (from France)
Legal system: mixed system of French civil law and Islamic law; judicial review of legislative acts in ad hoc Constitutional Council composed of various public officials including several Supreme Court justices
Government type: presidential republic

Judicial Branch

Note: note: Algeria's judicial system does not include sharia courts
Highest court(s): Supreme Court or Le Cour Suprême, (consists of 150 judges organized into 8 chambers: Civil, Commercial and Maritime, Criminal, House of Offenses and Contraventions, House of Petitions, Land, Personal Status, and Social; Constitutional Council (consists of 12 members including the court chairman and deputy chairman)
Subordinate courts: appellate or wilaya courts; first instance or daira tribunals
Judge selection and term of office: Supreme Court judges appointed by the High Council of Magistracy, an administrative body presided over by the president of the republic, and includes the republic vice-president and several members; judges appointed for life; Constitutional Council members - 4 appointed by the president of the republic, 2 each by the 2 houses of Parliament, 2 by the Supreme Court, and 2 by the Council of State; Council president and members appointed for single 6-year terms with half the membership renewed every 3 years

Executive Branch

Cabinet: Cabinet of Ministers appointed by the president
Chief of state: President Abdelmadjid TEBBOUNE (since 12 December 2019)
Election results: 2024: Abdelmadjid TEBBOUNE (NLF) 94.7%, Abdelaali Hassani CHERIF (MSP) 3.2%, Youcef AOUCHICHE (FFS) 2.2%

2019: (FLN) 58.1%, Abdelkader BENGRINA (El-Bina) 17.4%, Ali BENFLIS (Talaie El Hurriyet) 10.6%, Azzedine MIHOUBI (RND) 7.3%, Abdelaziz BELAID (Future Front) 6.7%
Head of government: Prime Minister Sifi GHRIEB (since 28 August 2025)
Most recent election date: 7 September 2024
Election/appointment process: president directly elected by absolute majority popular vote in two rounds if needed for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term); prime minister nominated by the president after consultation with the majority party in Parliament
Expected date of next election: 2029

National holiday: Independence Day, 5 July (1962); Revolution Day, 1 November (1954)
National color(s): green, white, red

National Heritage

Total world heritage sites: 7 (6 cultural, 1 mixed)
Selected world heritage site locales: Beni Hammad Fort (c); Djémila (c); Casbah of Algiers (c); M'zab Valley (c); Tassili n'Ajjer (m); Timgad (c); Tipasa (c)

Political parties: Algerian National Front or FNA
Algerian Popular Movement or MPA
Algeria's Hope Rally or TAJ
Dignity or El Karama
El-Infitah
El Mostakbal (Future Front)
Ennour El Djazairi Party (Algerian Radiance Party) or PED
Equity and Proclamation Party or PEP
Islamic Renaissance Movement or Ennahda Movement
Justice and Development Front or FJD
Movement for National Reform or El Islah
Movement of Society for Peace or MSP
National Construction Movement or El-Bina (Harakat El-Binaa El-Watani)
National Democratic Rally (Rassemblement National Democratique) or RND
National Front for Social Justice or FNJS
National Liberation Front or FLN
National Militancy Front or FMN
National Party for Solidarity and Development or PNSD
National Republican Alliance or ANR
New Dawn Party (El-Fajr El-Jadid)
New Generation (Jil Jadid)
Oath of 1954 or Ahd 54
Party of Justice and Liberty or PLJ
Rally for Culture and Democracy or RCD
Socialist Forces Front or FFS
Union for Change and Progress or UCP
Union of Democratic and Social Forces or UFDS
Vanguard of Liberties (Talaie El Hurriyet)
Workers Party or PT
Youth Party or PJ

Legislative Branch

Legislature name: Parliament (Barlaman)
Legislative structure: bicameral

National Anthem(s)

Title: "Kassaman" (We Pledge)
History: adopted 1962; ZAKARIAH wrote "Kassaman" as a poem while imprisoned in Algiers by French colonial forces
Lyrics/music: Mufdi ZAKARIAH/Mohamed FAWZI

National symbol(s): five-pointed star between the extended horns of a crescent moon; fennec fox
Administrative divisions: 58 provinces (wilayas, singular - wilaya); Adrar, Ain Defla, Ain Temouchent, Alger (Algiers), Annaba, Batna, Bechar, Bejaia, Beni Abbes, Biskra, Blida, Bordj Badji Mokhtar, Bordj Bou Arreridj, Bouira, Boumerdes, Chlef, Constantine, Djanet, Djelfa, El Bayadh, El Meghaier, El Meniaa, El Oued, El Tarf, Ghardaia, Guelma, Illizi, In Guezzam, In Salah, Jijel, Khenchela, Laghouat, Mascara, Medea, Mila, Mostaganem, M'Sila, Naama, Oran, Ouargla, Ouled Djellal, Oum el Bouaghi, Relizane, Saida, Setif, Sidi Bel Abbes, Skikda, Souk Ahras, Tamanrasset, Tebessa, Tiaret, Timimoun, Tindouf, Tipaza, Tissemsilt, Tizi Ouzou, Tlemcen, Touggourt

Legislative Branch Lower Chamber

Chamber name: National People's Assembly (Al-Majlis Al-Chaabi Al-Watani)
Term in office: 5 years
Number of seats: 407 (all directly elected)
Electoral system: proportional representation
Scope of elections: full renewal
Most recent election date: 6/12/2021
Expected date of next election: June 2026
Percentage of women in chamber: 7.9%
Parties elected and seats per party: National Liberation Front (FLN) (98); Movement of Society for Peace (MSP) (65); National Democratic Rally (RND) (58); El-Moustakbel Front (Future", FM) (48); El Binaa Movement (39); Independents (84); Other (15)

Legislative Branch Upper Chamber

Chamber name: Council of the Nation (Majlis al-Oumma)
Term in office: 6 years
Number of seats: 174 (116 indirectly elected; 58 appointed)
Electoral system: plurality/majority
Scope of elections: partial renewal
Most recent election date: 3/9/2025
Expected date of next election: January 2028
Percentage of women in chamber: 2.5%

Diplomatic Representation in the US

Fax: [1] (202) 986-5906
Chancery: 2118 Kalorama Road NW, Washington, DC 20008
Telephone: [1] (202) 265-2800
Chief of mission: Ambassador Sabri BOUKADOUM (since 27 February 2024)
Consulate(s) general: New York
Email address and website: mail@algerianembassy.org

https://www.algerianembassy.org/

Diplomatic Representation from the US

Fax: [213] (0) 770-08-2299
Embassy: 05 Chemin Cheikh Bachir, Ibrahimi, El-Biar 16030, Alger
Telephone: [213] (0) 770-08-2000
Mailing address: 6030 Algiers Place, Washington DC  20521-6030
Chief of mission: Ambassador Elizabeth Moore AUBIN (since 9 February 2022)
Email address and website: algierspd@state.gov

https://dz.usembassy.gov/

International organisations: ABEDA, AfDB, AFESD, AMF, AMU, AU, BIS, CAEU, CD, FAO, G-15, G-24, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), LAS, MIGA, MONUSCO, NAM, OAPEC, OAS (observer), OIC, OPCW, OPEC, OSCE (partner), UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNITAR, UNOOSA, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO (observer)
International law organization participation: has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; non-party state to the ICCt

Legislature

ALGERIA · LOWER HOUSE

National People's Assembly

407 seats · hover a seat for the party

Total seats

407

Majority line

205

Largest party

National Liberation Front

Parties

All political parties16 parties · 407 seats · click to dim in hemicycle

Upper house

ALGERIA · UPPER HOUSE

Council of the Nation

174 seats · hover a seat for the party

Total seats

174

Majority line

Largest party

National Liberation Front

Parties

All political parties16 parties · 174 seats · click to dim in hemicycle

Leaders

Current

AT
Abdelmadjid Tebboune
- Head of StateSince 2019
SG
Sifi Ghrieb
- Head of GovernmentSince 2025

Economy

Budget

Revenues: $55.185 billion (2019 est.)
Expenditures: $64.728 billion (2019 est.)

Exports

Civica canonical (reconciled): $53.5B

Note: note: balance of payments - exports of goods and services in current dollars
Exports 2021: $41.846 billion (2021 est.)
Exports 2022: $69.226 billion (2022 est.)
Exports 2023: $59.426 billion (2023 est.)

Imports

Civica canonical (reconciled): $54.6B

Note: note: balance of payments - imports of goods and services in current dollars
Imports 2021: $44.287 billion (2021 est.)
Imports 2022: $46.613 billion (2022 est.)
Imports 2023: $51.131 billion (2023 est.)

Industries: petroleum, natural gas, light industries, mining, electrical, petrochemical, food processing
Labor force: 13.294 million (2024 est.)

Public Debt

Civica canonical (reconciled): 27.5% of GDP (2017 est.)

Note: note: data cover central government debt as well as debt issued by subnational entities and intra-governmental debt
Public debt 2017: 27.5% of GDP (2017 est.)

Remittances

Note: note: personal transfers and compensation between resident and non-resident individuals/households/entities
Remittances 2021: 1% of GDP (2021 est.)
Remittances 2022: 0.8% of GDP (2022 est.)
Remittances 2023: 0.8% of GDP (2023 est.)

Exchange Rates

Currency: Algerian dinars (DZD) per US dollar -
Exchange rates 2020: 126.777 (2020 est.)
Exchange rates 2021: 135.064 (2021 est.)
Exchange rates 2022: 141.995 (2022 est.)
Exchange rates 2023: 135.843 (2023 est.)
Exchange rates 2024: 134.053 (2024 est.)

Debt External

Note: note: present value of external debt in current US dollars
Debt external 2023: $4.764 billion (2023 est.)

Economic overview: suffering oil and gas economy; lack of sector and market diversification; political instability chilling domestic consumption; poor credit access and declines in business confidence; COVID-19 austerity policies; delayed promised socio-economic reforms

Unemployment Rate

Civica canonical (reconciled): 11.6%

Note: note: % of labor force seeking employment
Unemployment rate 2022: 12.4% (2022 est.)
Unemployment rate 2023: 11.8% (2023 est.)
Unemployment rate 2024: 11.5% (2024 est.)

Exports partners: Italy 29%, France 14%, Spain 13%, USA 6%, Netherlands 4% (2023)
Imports partners: China 24%, France 12%, Italy 8%, Turkey 7%, Brazil 6% (2023)

Real GDP Per Capita

Civica canonical (reconciled): $17,621

Note: note: data in 2021 dollars
Real GDP per capita 2022: $14,800 (2022 est.)
Real GDP per capita 2023: $15,200 (2023 est.)
Real GDP per capita 2024: $15,400 (2024 est.)

Real GDP Growth Rate

Civica canonical (reconciled): 3.7%

Note: note: annual GDP % growth based on constant local currency
Real GDP growth rate 2022: 3.6% (2022 est.)
Real GDP growth rate 2023: 4.1% (2023 est.)
Real GDP growth rate 2024: 3.3% (2024 est.)

Agricultural products: potatoes, watermelons, wheat, milk, onions, tomatoes, vegetables, oranges, dates, barley (2023)
Exports commodities: natural gas, crude petroleum, refined petroleum, fertilizers, iron bars (2023)
Imports commodities: wheat, plastics, cars, milk, corn (2023)

Current Account Balance

Civica canonical (reconciled): -$2.8B

Note: note: balance of payments - net trade and primary/secondary income in current dollars
Current account balance 2021: -$4.513 billion (2021 est.)
Current account balance 2022: $19.433 billion (2022 est.)
Current account balance 2023: $6.359 billion (2023 est.)

GDP (official exchange rate): $263.62 billion (2024 est.)

GDP Composition, BY End Use

Note: note: figures may not total 100% due to rounding or gaps in data collection
Household consumption: 40.8% (2023 est.)
Government consumption: 17.9% (2023 est.)
Investment in inventories: 4.9% (2023 est.)
Investment in fixed capital: 32.8% (2023 est.)
Exports of goods and services: 23.6% (2023 est.)
Imports of goods and services: -20.1% (2023 est.)

Average Household Expenditures

On food: 37.2% of household expenditures (2023 est.)
On alcohol and tobacco: 1% of household expenditures (2023 est.)

Inflation Rate (Consumer Prices)

Civica canonical (reconciled): 4.0%

Note: note: annual % change based on consumer prices
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2022: 9.3% (2022 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2023: 9.3% (2023 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2024: 4% (2024 est.)

Industrial production growth rate: 3.9% (2023 est.)

Real GDP (Purchasing Power Parity)

Civica canonical (reconciled): $722.912 billion (2024 est.)

Note: note: data in 2021 dollars
Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2022: $672.256 billion (2022 est.)
Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2023: $699.818 billion (2023 est.)
Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2024: $722.912 billion (2024 est.)

Youth Unemployment Rate (Ages 15 24)

Male: 26.8% (2024 est.)
Note: note: % of labor force ages 15-24 seeking employment
Total: 29.8% (2024 est.)
Female: 45.8% (2024 est.)

Reserves of Foreign Exchange and Gold

Note: note: holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2022: $71.852 billion (2022 est.)
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2023: $81.217 billion (2023 est.)
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2024: $83.007 billion (2024 est.)

GDP Composition, BY Sector of Origin

Note: note: figures may not total 100% due to non-allocated consumption not captured in sector-reported data
Industry: 37.8% (2023 est.)
Services: 45.6% (2023 est.)
Agriculture: 13.1% (2023 est.)

Energy

Coal

Imports: 241,000 metric tons (2023 est.)
Consumption: 3,000 metric tons (2023 est.)
Proven reserves: 223 million metric tons (2023 est.)

Petroleum

Total petroleum production: 1.443 million bbl/day (2023 est.)
Crude oil estimated reserves: 12.2 billion barrels (2021 est.)
Refined petroleum consumption: 446,000 bbl/day (2023 est.)

Electricity

Exports: 2.753 billion kWh (2023 est.)
Imports: 475.8 million kWh (2023 est.)
Consumption: 85.687 billion kWh (2023 est.)
Installed generating capacity: 22.591 million kW (2023 est.)
Transmission/distribution losses: 9.237 billion kWh (2023 est.)

Natural Gas

Exports: 51.566 billion cubic meters (2023 est.)
Production: 104.896 billion cubic meters (2023 est.)
Consumption: 52.831 billion cubic meters (2023 est.)
Proven reserves: 4.504 trillion cubic meters (2021 est.)

Electricity Access

Electrification rural areas: 99.3%
Electrification urban areas: 100%
Electrification total population: 100% (2022 est.)

Energy Consumption Per Capita

Total energy consumption per capita 2023: 61.843 million Btu/person (2023 est.)

Electricity Generation Sources

Solar: 0.9% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)
Fossil fuels: 98.1% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)
Hydroelectricity: 0.9% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)

Communications

Internet Users

Percent of population: 77% (2023 est.)

Broadcast media: Radio Algérienne is the state-run radio broadcast; the National Company of Television (Entreprise Nationale de Télévision (ENTV)) is the primary state-run public TV station (2024)
Internet country code: .dz

Telephones Fixed Lines

Total subscriptions: 6.93 million (2024 est.)
Subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 15 (2024 est.)

Telephones Mobile Cellular

Total subscriptions: 54.1 million (2024 est.)
Subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 115 (2024 est.)

Broadband Fixed Subscriptions

Total: 5.54 million (2023 est.)
Subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 12 (2023 est.)

Transport

Ports

Large: 2
Small: 6
Medium: 1
Key ports: Alger, Annaba, Arzew, Arzew El Djedid, Bejaia, Mers El Kebir, Oran, Port Methanier, Skikda
Very small: 8
Total ports: 17 (2024)
Ports with oil terminals: 3

Airports: 95 (2025)

Railways

Total: 4,020 km (2019)

Heliports: 11 (2025)

Merchant Marine

Total: 119 (2022)
BY type: bulk carrier 1, container ship 4, general cargo 11, oil tanker 14, other 89

Civil aircraft registration country code prefix: 7T

Environment

Climate: arid to semiarid; mild, wet winters with hot, dry summers along coast; drier with cold winters and hot summers on high plateau; sirocco is a hot, dust/sand-laden wind especially common in summer

Land Use

Other: 81.9% (2023 est.)
Forest: 0.7% (2023 est.)
Agricultural land: 17.4% (2023 est.)
Agricultural land: arable land: arable land: 3.2% (2023 est.)
Agricultural land: permanent crops: permanent crops: 0.4% (2023 est.)
Agricultural land: permanent pasture: permanent pasture: 13.8% (2023 est.)

Urbanization

Urban population: 75.3% of total population (2023)
Rate of urbanization: 1.99% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Methane Emissions

Other: 7.6 kt (2019-2021 est.)
Waste: 486.4 kt (2019-2021 est.)
Energy: 2,561.1 kt (2022-2024 est.)
Agriculture: 256 kt (2019-2021 est.)

Waste and Recycling

Municipal solid waste generated annually: 12.379 million tons (2024 est.)
Percent of municipal solid waste recycled: 11% (2022 est.)

Environmental issues: air pollution in major cities; soil erosion from overgrazing and other poor farming practices; desertification; river and coastal pollution from dumping of raw sewage, petroleum refining wastes, and other industrial effluents; pollution in Mediterranean Sea from oil wastes, soil erosion, and fertilizer runoff; inadequate potable water

Total Water Withdrawal

Municipal: 3.389 billion cubic meters (2022)
Industrial: 181 million cubic meters (2022)
Agricultural: 7.391 billion cubic meters (2022)

Carbon Dioxide Emissions

Total emissions: 163.661 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
From consumed natural gas: 105.125 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
From coal and metallurgical coke: 741,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
From petroleum and other liquids: 57.795 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)

Particulate matter emissions: 22.4 micrograms per cubic meter (2019 est.)
Total renewable water resources: 11.667 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)

International Environmental Agreements

Party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands
Signed, but not ratified: Nuclear Test Ban

Military & Security

Military note: the ANP is responsible for external defense but also has some internal security responsibilities; key areas of concern include border and maritime security, terrorism, regional instability, and tensions with Morocco; Algeria supports the pro-independence Polisario Front in Western Sahara and accuses Morocco of supporting the Algerian separatist Movement for the Autonomy of Kabylie (MAK); border security and counterterrorism have received additional focus since the Arab Spring events of 2011 and the rise of terrorist threats emanating from Libya and the Sahel; the Army and Ministry of Defense (MND) paramilitary forces of the Gendarmerie and the border guards have beefed up their presence along the frontiers with Tunisia, Libya, Niger, and Mali to interdict and deter cross-border attacks by Islamist militant groups; the ANP and MND paramilitary forces have also increased counterterrorism cooperation with some neighboring countries, particularly Tunisia, including joint operations

the ANP has also played a large role in the country’s politics since independence in 1962, including coups in 1965 and 1991; it was a key backer of BOUTEFLIKA’s election in 1999 and remained a center of power during his 20-year rule; the military was instrumental in BOUTEFLIKA’s resignation in 2019, when it withdrew support and called for him to be removed from office (2024)

Military Expenditures

Civica canonical (reconciled): 8.0%

Military expenditures 2020: 6.7% of GDP (2020 est.)
Military expenditures 2021: 5.6% of GDP (2021 est.)
Military expenditures 2022: 4.8% of GDP (2022 est.)
Military expenditures 2023: 8% of GDP (2023 est.)
Military expenditures 2024: 8% of GDP (2024 est.)

Military and security forces: Algerian People's National Army (ANP): Land Forces, Naval Forces (includes Coast Guard), Air Forces, Territorial Air Defense Forces, Republican Guard, National Gendarmerie

Ministry of Interior: General Directorate of National Security (national police) (2025)
Military service age and obligation: 18 years of age for voluntary military service for men and women; 19 years of age for mandatory national service for men (all Algerian men must register at age 17); 12 months national service obligation (2025)
Military equipment inventories and acquisitions: the Algerian military has traditionally been armed mostly with Russian and Soviet-era weapons systems and equipment; over the past decade, it has made investments in acquiring more modern armored vehicles, air defense systems, fighter aircraft, missiles, unmanned aerial vehicles, and warships, largely from Russia, its traditional supplier, but also China and Western European suppliers such as Germany (2025)
Military and security service personnel strengths: information varies; estimated 200,000 active ANP, including the National Gendarmerie (2025)

Terrorism

Terrorist group(s): al-Qa'ida in the Islamic Maghreb (AQIM); Islamic State of Iraq and ash-Sham (ISIS) – Algeria; al-Mulathamun Battalion (al-Mourabitoun)

Space

Space launch site(s): none; note - in 1947, Algeria began hosting a French military rocket test site known as  the Centre Interarmées d’Essais d’Engins Spéciaux (CIEES or Interarmy Special Vehicles Test Center); it was the continent of Africa's first rocket launch site and was in service until 1967
Space agency/agencies: Algerian Space Agency (Agence Spatiale Algérienne, ASAL; established 2002) (2025)
Space program overview: has a national space policy and space research program with stated goals of supporting internal development, managing resources, mastering space technology, and reinforcing national sovereignty; builds and operates communications and remote sensing (RS) satellites; researching and developing a range of space-related capabilities, including satellites and satellite payloads, communications, RS, instrumentation, image processing, and geo-spatial information; works with a variety of foreign space agencies and industries, including Argentina, China, France, Germany, India, Russia, Slovenia, Ukraine, the UK, and other African countries; member of the African Space Agency and the Arab Space Coordination Group (2025)
Key space program milestones: 2002 - first remote sensing (RS) satellite (Alsat-1A) built jointly with the UK and launched by Russia

2006 - announced a national space program

2010 and 2016 - first Algerian-designed and -built RS satellites (Alsat-2A and 2B) launched by India

2017 - first communications satellite (Alcomsat-1) built jointly with and launched by China; announced a 2040 national space plan

2026 - RS satellite (AlSat-3A) launched by China

Transnational Issues

Trafficking in Persons

Tier rating: Tier 2 Watch List — Algeria did not demonstrate overall increasing efforts to eliminate trafficking compared with the previous reporting period, therefore Algeria remained on Tier 2 Watch List for the second consecutive year; for more details, go to: https://www.state.gov/reports/2025-trafficking-in-persons-report/algeria/

Refugees and Internally Displaced Persons

Idps: 25 (2024 est.)
Refugees: 188,206 (2024 est.)

Scores & Rankings

ScoreValueGlobal rankTrendAs of

Civica Index26.0 / 100as of 2024-Q4145 / 1902024-Q4

V-Dem Liberal Democracy0.12as of 2024-Q4134 / 1702024-Q4

Freedom House StatusNot Free (25/100)as of 2024-Q4—2024-Q4

Press Freedom (RSF)Partly free (50/100)as of 2024—2024

Cite this page

Cite this pageAPA · BibTeX · Chicago · JSON

Civica. (2026). Civica Atlas — Algeria — vintage 2026-Q1: Algeria factbook. Civica Atlas. Retrieved May 7, 2026, from https://civicaatlas.org/factbook/algeria

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Sources: FAO FAOSTAT, ILO ILOSTAT, IMF (WEO), UN Statistics Division, UNDP HDR, UNESCO Institute for Statistics, V-Dem, WHO Global Health Observatory, World Bank, WTO Stats, CIA World Factbook, Wikidata

Algeria

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Abdelmadjid Tebboune

Sifi Ghrieb

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